Cloth cultures in prehistoric Europe: the Bronze Age evidence from Hallstatt

Harris, Susanna; Rösel-Mautendorfer, Helga; Grömer, Karina; Reschreiter, Hans

doi:10.5334/ai.1206

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…There are many skin fragments and rags. The presence of fine stitching and seams, like those used on the conical hat, may suggest they were originally from clothing and contrasts with the large stitching on the handleathers and carry sacks associated with mining equipment (Harris et al, 2010). In terms of decorative and visual effects, many of the skins retain their fur including the cow skin carrying sacks, straps, hand-leathers, cushion, and numerous fragments.…”

Section: Hallstatt North-eastern Alpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Parochial to the Universal: Comparing Cloth Cultures in the Bronze Age

Harris

2012

Eur. j. archaeol.

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The aim of this research is to compare the cloth cultures of Europe and Egypt in the Bronze Age and New Kingdom. The comparison focuses on the fourteenth century BC and includes four geographically separate areas including the oak coffin burials of southern Scandinavia, the Hallstatt salt mines of central Europe, the Final Palace period of Crete and the tombs and towns of the later eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt. The comparative approach can bring insights even when applied to unconnected cultures or regions. However, in this study I concentrate on a restricted chronological period and areas that were connected, directly or indirectly, by widespread networks of trade or exchange. The concept of cloth cultures is used to include both textiles and animal skins as these were closely related materials in the prehistoric past. Information is gathered according to the following categories: raw materials including textile fibre and species of skins, fabric structure and thread count (only for textiles), decoration and finish, use and context. From this study it is possible to recognize the universally shared principles of cloth cultures and the great versatility and creativity in the regional cloth cultures of the Bronze Age.

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Section: Hallstatt North-eastern Alpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Parochial to the Universal: Comparing Cloth Cultures in the Bronze Age

Harris

2012

Eur. j. archaeol.

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“…Besides military activity, during these phases, hunting, shing, agro-pastoralism, metallurgy, and textile production are documented in Northern Italy (Cocchi Genick 2009). Based on archeological evidence, it is possible to hypothesize the use of textiles (wool, animal skins, vegetal bers) for cloth and shoe production(Harris, 2007; Sabatini et al 2018). The Neolithic remains (NEO) belong to a sample from four caves (Arene Candide, Arma dell'Aquila, Grotta Pollera, and Bergeggi) near Finale Ligure in Liguria (Italy) with radiocarbon dates spanning 5209 − 4364 cal BCE (Marchi et al 2006, 2011; Marchi 2008; exploitation of terrestrial resources (Macphail et al 1997; Marchi et al 2011; Rowley-Conwy 1997).…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring the role of fibular extremities as indicators of mobility patterns and locomotor behavior in Homo sapiens from Mid- Late Upper Paleolithic to the modern age

Pietrobelli,

Sorrentino,

Sparacello

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The human fibular shape has been scarcely analyzed in anthropology. However, studies on athletes and human archaeological samples suggest the importance of including fibular structural properties to reconstruct mobility patterns in past populations. This study analyzes human fibular variation in relation to mobility patterns, environmental conditions, subsistence economies, and shoe use to further explore the role of this bone in reconstructing mobility patterns in past populations. The sample consists of 173 individuals from archaeological and modern skeletal collections spanning the Mid-Late Upper Paleolithic to the 20th century and includes hunter-gatherers, agriculturalists, herders, and post-industrialists. Virtual three-dimensional models of left fibulae were acquired by computer tomography and surface scanning. Fibular proximal and distal epiphyseal morphologies were investigated through 3D semilandmark-based geometric morphometric methods and compared among populations and mobility categories. Our analysis reveals a trend separating groups based on their subsistence strategy and chronology. Some fibular traits (e.g., horizontal proximal tibiofibular and tilted distal talofibular articular surfaces, robust interosseous membrane, broad malleolar fossa, projecting m. biceps femoris insertion) indicate greater mobility of fibular joints and load sharing during ankle and knee excursion in foraging groups, which are presumably highly active, frequently traversing uneven terrain with absent/minimalist foot coverings. Stiffer fibular joints (e.g., obliquely oriented tibiofibular and vertical talofibular articular surfaces) are observed in sedentary populations, which may suggest a restricted ankle excursion and limited lower limb loading and use, consistent with their sedentary lifestyle in plain urban settlements with hard-shoe coverings. Other fibular traits (e.g., shorter subcutaneous triangular surface, projecting and anteriorly-facing malleolus, concave peroneal groove and proximal peroneal insertion) might indicate for mobile groups a more everted foot posture with increased moment arm in eversion, more efficient for barefoot/minimal footwear running in a forefoot-strike gait and concurring in the stabilization of the first metatarsophalangeal ray. These results further stress the functional role of fibular morphology and its importance in studies investigating past population mobility patterns.

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Cloth cultures in prehistoric Europe: the Bronze Age evidence from Hallstatt

Cited by 2 publications

References 3 publications

From the Parochial to the Universal: Comparing Cloth Cultures in the Bronze Age

From the Parochial to the Universal: Comparing Cloth Cultures in the Bronze Age

Exploring the role of fibular extremities as indicators of mobility patterns and locomotor behavior in Homo sapiens from Mid- Late Upper Paleolithic to the modern age

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