Clostridium innocuum: Microbiological and clinical characteristics of a potential emerging pathogen

Cherny, Kathryn E.; Muscat, Emily; Reyna, Megan E.; Kociolek, Larry K.

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102418

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We observed variation in the ability of strains to grow on minimal media supplemented with single carbohydrate sources (Figure 7). None of the strains were capable of growing on lactose or raffinose, confirming previous observations for C. innocuum (28, 96). In contrast to previous reports (33), salicin did not support growth of any of the strains tested.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Although the first phenotypic description of the organism suggest a non-motile, non-virulent nature of C. innocuum (33), current literature suggests otherwise. It has been implicated in extra-intestinal infection and Clostridioides difficile-like antibiotic associated diarrhea (35)(36)(37), as well as in case studies of bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and peritonitis (28,(38)(39)(40). Most recently, a study on Crohn's disease conducted in mice identified C. innocuum in inflamed intestinal tissue of patients with Crohn's disease (41).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Erysipelotrichia include species that share a genomic resemblance to Mollicutes, a class of parasitic bacteria that are characterized by their distinct lack of cell walls compared to the phylum Tenericutes (27). As a group, Erysipelotrichia in the gut have been associated with host lipid metabolism (28, 29) and disease in humans (30). In mice, expansion of Erysipelotrichia species have been observed following antibiotic treatment (31) or when fed a Western-diet (32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and prevalence ofClostridium innocuumin the human gut microbiota

Bhattacharjee

Flores

Woelfel-Monsivais

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Clostridia are a polyphyletic group of Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobes in the Firmicutes phylum that significantly impact metabolism and functioning of human gastrointestinal tract. Recently, Clostridia were divided into two separate classes, Clostridia and Erysipelotrichia, based on phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene-based differences. While Clostridia include many well-known pathogenic bacteria, Erysipelotrichia remain relatively uncharacterized, particularly regarding their role as a pathogen vs. commensal. Despite wide recognition as a commensal, the Erysipelotrichial species, Clostridium innocuum, has recently been associated with various disease states. To further understand the ecological and potential virulent role of C. innocuum, we conducted a genomic comparison across 38 C. innocuum isolates and 75 publicly available genomes. Based on colony morphology, we isolated multiple C. innocuum cultivars from the feces of healthy human volunteers (n=5). Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene of our isolates against publicly available microbiota datasets in healthy individuals suggests a high prevalence of C. innocuum across the human population (> 80%). Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across core genes and average nucleotide identify (ANI) revealed the presence of 4 clades among all available unique genomes (n=108 total). Investigation of carbohydrate and protein utilization pathways, including comparison against the carbohydrate-activating-enzyme (CAZyme) database, demonstrated inter-and intra-clade differences that were further substantiated in vitro. Collectively, these data indicate genetic variance within the C. innocuum species that may help clarify its role in human disease and health.IMPORTANCEClostridia are a group of medically important anaerobes as both commensals and pathogens. Recently, a new class of Erysipelotrichia containing a number of re-assigned Clostridial species has emerged, including Clostridium innocuum. Recent studies have implicated C. innocuum as a potential causative agent of diarrhea in patients from whom Clostridioides difficile could not be isolated. Using genomic and in vitro comparison, this study sought to characterize C. innocuum in the healthy human gut. Our analyses suggest that C. innocuum is a highly prevalent and diverse species, demonstrating clade-specific differences in metabolism and potential virulence. Collectively, this study is the first investigation into a broader description of C. innocuum as a human gut inhabitant.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diversity and prevalence ofClostridium innocuumin the human gut microbiota

Bhattacharjee

Flores

Woelfel-Monsivais

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…These might indicate that high Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was related to endocrine system, which should be confirmed with more datasets. Previous research suggests that Clostridium innocuum induced inflammation, oedema and necrosis in a mouse ileal loop mode [ 23 ]. Additionally, C. innocuum has been reported to be the second most common Clostridial species causing extraintestinal infections in Taiwan, and a variety of infections have also been observed in other populations [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research suggests that Clostridium innocuum induced inflammation, oedema and necrosis in a mouse ileal loop mode [ 23 ]. Additionally, C. innocuum has been reported to be the second most common Clostridial species causing extraintestinal infections in Taiwan, and a variety of infections have also been observed in other populations [ 23 ]. In another study, C. innocuum was implicated in tissue remodelling and inflammation in Crohn’s disease [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of the Gut Microbiome in Patients With Pituitary Adenoma

Hu¹,

Yang²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Pathol. Oncol. Res.

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Pituitary adenoma (PA) includes invasive pituitary adenoma (IPA) and noninvasive pituitary adenoma (NIPA), which are associated with the endocrine system. The gut microbiome plays an important role in human metabolism, but the association between the gut microbiome and pituitary adenoma remains unclear. A total of 44 subjects were enrolled in this study. Of these, 29 PA patients were further divided into IPA patients (n = 13) and NIPA patients (n = 16), while 15 healthy age-matched subjects were defined as control subjects. We collected faecal samples and characterized the gut microbial profiles by metagenomic sequencing using the Illumina X-ten platform. PLS-DA showed different microbial clusters among the three groups, and slightly different microbial ecological networks were observed. LEfSe analysis revealed significant alterations in the microbial community among PA patients. In particular, the enrichment of Clostridium innocuum, along with the reduced abundance of Oscillibacter sp. 57_20 and Fusobacterium mortiferum, were observed both in the IPA and NIPA groups compared to the control group. Moreover, PA patients could be effectively classified based on these bacteria using a support vector machine algorithm. In summary, this study demonstrated significant differences in the gut microbiome between PA patients and healthy controls. Future mechanistic experiments are needed to determine whether such alterations are a cause or consequence of pituitary adenoma.

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Identification of disordered profiles of gut microbiota and functional component in stroke and poststroke epilepsy

Wei,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Brain and Behavior

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AimsIt is estimated that 11.5% of patients with stroke (STR) were at risk of suffering poststroke epilepsy (PSE) within 5 years. Gut microbiota is shown to affect health in humans by producing metabolites. The association between dysregulation of gut microbiota and STR/PSE remains unclear. The aim of this study was to identify potential gut microbiota and functional component in STR and PSE, which may provide a theoretical foundation for diagnosis and treatment of STR and PSE.MethodsThe fresh stool samples were collected from 19 healthy controls, 27 STR patients, and 20 PSE patients for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Analysis of amplicon sequence variant and community diversity was performed, followed by the identification of dominant species, species differences analysis, diagnostic, and functional analysis of species in STR and PSE.ResultsCommunity diversity was decreased in STR and PSE. Some disordered profiles of gut microbiota in STR and PSE were identified, such as the increase of Enterococcus and the decrease of butyricicoccus in STR, the increase of Escherichia Shigella and Clostridium innocuum‐group and the decrease of Faecalibacterium in PSE, and the decrease of Anaerostipes in both STR and PSE. Moreover, potential diagnostic biomarkers for STR (butyricicoccus), PSE (Faecalibacterium), STR, and PSE (NK4A214_group and Veillonella) were identified. Several significantly dysfunctional components were identified, including l‐tryptophan biosynthesis in STR, fatty acid biosynthesis in PSE, and Stress_Tolerant and anaerobic in both STR and PSE.ConclusionThe disturbed gut microbiota and related dysfunctional components are closely associated with the progression of STR and PSE.

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Clostridium innocuum: Microbiological and clinical characteristics of a potential emerging pathogen

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Diversity and prevalence ofClostridium innocuumin the human gut microbiota

Diversity and prevalence ofClostridium innocuumin the human gut microbiota

Alterations of the Gut Microbiome in Patients With Pituitary Adenoma

Identification of disordered profiles of gut microbiota and functional component in stroke and poststroke epilepsy

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