Closing in on maximum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence using a single multiphase flash of sub‐saturating intensity

Loriaux, S. D.; Avenson, Thomas J.; Welles, J. M.; McDermitt, D. K.; Eckles, Robert D.; Riensche, B.; Genty, Bernard

doi:10.1111/pce.12115

Cited by 171 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To confirm that LEF was not underestimated during measurements of v H+ /LEF, the LEF determined from the spectroscope was compared with that from the fluorimeter on the LI-COR 6400XT (6400-40 Leaf Chamber Fluorimeter; Li-Cor Biosciences). The multiphase flash protocol used in the LI-COR 6400XT produces saturating values of chlorophyll fluorescence even under subsaturating flash intensity to accurately determine F II (Loriaux et al, 2013). Values of LEF were similar when measured under identical conditions at ambient and low oxygen using either the spectroscope or the LI-COR multiphase flash (Supplemental Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

The Response of Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I to Changes in Photorespiration and Nitrate Assimilation

Walker

Strand²,

Kramer³

et al. 2014

Plant Physiol.

131

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Photosynthesis captures light energy to produce ATP and NADPH. These molecules are consumed in the conversion of CO 2 to sugar, photorespiration, and NO 3 2 assimilation. The production and consumption of ATP and NADPH must be balanced to prevent photoinhibition or photodamage. This balancing may occur via cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF), which increases ATP/NADPH production during photosynthetic electron transport; however, it is not clear under what conditions CEF changes with ATP/NADPH demand. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and dark interval relaxation kinetics were used to determine the contribution of CEF in balancing ATP/NADPH in hydroponically grown Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) supplied different forms of nitrogen (nitrate versus ammonium) under changes in atmospheric CO 2 and oxygen. Measurements of CEF were made under low and high light and compared with ATP/NADPH demand estimated from CO 2 gas exchange. Under low light, contributions of CEF did not shift despite an up to 17% change in modeled ATP/NADPH demand. Under high light, CEF increased under photorespiratory conditions (high oxygen and low CO 2 ), consistent with a primary role in energy balancing. However, nitrogen form had little impact on rates of CEF under high or low light. We conclude that, according to modeled ATP/ NADPH demand, CEF responded to energy demand under high light but not low light. These findings suggest that other mechanisms, such as the malate valve and the Mehler reaction, were able to maintain energy balance when electron flow was low but that CEF was required under higher flow.Photosynthesis must balance both the amount of energy harvested by the light reactions and how it is stored to match metabolic demands. Light energy is harvested by the photosynthetic antenna complexes and stored by the electron and proton transfer complexes as ATP and NADPH. It is used primarily to meet the energy demands for assimilating carbon (from CO 2 ) and nitrogen (from NO 3 2 and NH 4 + ; Keeling et al., 1976;Edwards and Walker, 1983;Miller et al., 2007). These processes require different ratios of ATP and NADPH, requiring a finely balanced output of energy in these forms. For example, if ATP were to be consumed at a greater rate than NADPH, electron transport would rapidly become limiting by the lack of NADP + , decreasing rates of proton translocation and ATP regeneration. Alternatively, if NADPH were consumed faster than ATP, proton translocation through ATP synthase would be reduced due to limiting ADP and the difference in pH between lumen and stroma would increase, restricting plastoquinol oxidation at the cytochrome b 6 f complex and initiating nonphotochemical quenching (Kanazawa and Kramer, 2002). The stoichiometric balancing of ATP and NADPH must occur rapidly, because pool sizes of ATP and NADPH are relatively small and fluxes through primary metabolism are large (Noctor and Foyer, 2000;Avenson et al., 2005;Cruz et al., 2005;Amthor, 2010).The balancing of ATP and NADPH supply is further complicated...

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mentioning

confidence: 88%

The Response of Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I to Changes in Photorespiration and Nitrate Assimilation

Walker

Strand²,

Kramer³

et al. 2014

Plant Physiol.

131

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“…Gas-exchange analysis: measured at Pre-A and Post-A for the flag leaf in one plant per plot with a portable infra-red gas analyser (IRGA) system (LI-6400XTR and chamber 6400-40; LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA), using the multiphase flash method [26]. Plant harvest and flag leaf preparation was carried out according to the methodology described by [27].…”

Section: Phenotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting Wheat Grain Yield Drivers in a Mapping Population in the UK

et al. 2018

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Improving crop yields arises as a solution to ensure food security in the future scenarios of a growing world population, changes in food consumption patterns, climate change, and limitations on resources allocated to agriculture. Defining traits that can be reliable cornerstones to yield improvement and understanding of their interaction and influence on yield formation is an important part of ensuring the success of breeding programs for high yields. Traits that can drive yield increases, such as light interception and conversion efficiency, as well as carbon assimilation and allocation, were intensively phenotyped in a double-haploid wheat mapping population grown under field conditions in the UK. Traits were analysed for their correlation to yield, genetic variation, and broad-sense heritability. Canopy cover and reflectance, biomass production, and allocation to stems and leaves, as well as flag leaf photosynthesis at a range of light levels measured pre-and post-anthesis correlated with plant productivity and contributed to explaining different strategies of wheat lines to attain high grain yields. This research mapped multiple traits related to light conversion into biomass. The findings highlight the need to phenotype traits throughout the growing season and support the approach of targeting photosynthesis and its components as traits for breeding high yielding wheat.

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“…Ambient conditions for A N -C i curves were equivalent to those for Laisk curves except that a flow rate of 300 mmol s 21 was used, and for leaves from the field the PPFD was set to 1,800 400,325,250,175,100,50,400,400,500,650,950,1,250,1,600, and 2,000 mmol mol 21 . At each CO 2 set point, gas-exchange parameters and steady state fluorescence (F s ) were logged, and a multiphase flash chlorophyll fluorescence routine was executed following the recommended procedures of Loriaux et al (2013) to determine the maximum fluorescence (F m 9). Following this response curve, the leaf was allowed to reacclimate to ambient conditions until net assimilation and g s returned to steady-state conditions.…”

Section: A N -C I Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Mesophyll Conductance among Soybean Cultivars Sets a Tradeoff between Photosynthesis and Water-Use-Efficiency

Tomeo

Rosenthal

2017

Plant Physiol.

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Photosynthetic efficiency is a critical determinant of crop yield potential, although it remains below the theoretical optimum in modern crop varieties. Enhancing mesophyll conductance (i.e. the rate of carbon dioxide diffusion from substomatal cavities to the sites of carboxylation) may increase photosynthetic and water use efficiencies. To improve water use efficiency, mesophyll conductance should be increased without concomitantly increasing stomatal conductance. Here, we partition the variance in mesophyll conductance to within-and among-cultivar components across soybean (Glycine max) grown under both controlled and field conditions and examine the covariation of mesophyll conductance with photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and leaf mass per area. We demonstrate that mesophyll conductance varies more than 2-fold and that 38% of this variation is due to cultivar identity. As expected, mesophyll conductance is positively correlated with photosynthetic rates. However, a strong positive correlation between mesophyll and stomatal conductance among cultivars apparently impedes positive scaling between mesophyll conductance and water use efficiency in soybean. Contrary to expectations, photosynthetic rates and mesophyll conductance both increased with increasing leaf mass per area. The presence of genetic variation for mesophyll conductance suggests that there is potential to increase photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance by selecting for greater leaf mass per area. Increasing water use efficiency, though, is unlikely unless there is simultaneous stabilizing selection on stomatal conductance.

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Closing in on maximum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence using a single multiphase flash of sub‐saturating intensity

Cited by 171 publications

References 28 publications

The Response of Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I to Changes in Photorespiration and Nitrate Assimilation

The Response of Cyclic Electron Flow around Photosystem I to Changes in Photorespiration and Nitrate Assimilation

Dissecting Wheat Grain Yield Drivers in a Mapping Population in the UK

Variable Mesophyll Conductance among Soybean Cultivars Sets a Tradeoff between Photosynthesis and Water-Use-Efficiency

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