Closed-loop cobalt recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries based on a deep eutectic solvent (DES) with easy solvent recovery

Li, Taibai; Xiong, Yige; Yan, Xiaohui; Hu, Tao; Jing, Siqi; Wang, Zhongjie; Ge, Xiang

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2022.05.008

Cited by 63 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Therefore, various auxiliary means to achieve rapid dissolution of cathode materials have been reported, such as mechanochemical activation, 109,152,179,180 ultrasound assisted, 145,[181][182][183] and deep eutectic solvent. 106,[184][185][186][187] Mechanochemical activation affects the physicochemical properties of the cathode material to improve the leaching efficiency of metal ions. The activated cathode powder shows a decrease in grain size, increase in specific surface area and appearance of mesoporous structure.…”

Section: Energy and Environmental Science Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers in this stage developed various acid, alkaline, and salt leaching systems. The employed inorganic acids include H 2 SO 4 , 96–101 HCl, 102–105 HNO 3 106–108 and H 3 PO 4 . 109–111 Among them, H 2 SO 4 is the most widely used acid leaching agent in non-ferrous metallurgy because of its high boiling point, abundant source, low price and weak corrosiveness.…”

Section: Available Recycling Technologies For Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon neutrality strategies for sustainable batteries: from structure, recycling, and properties to applications

Lin

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2023

Energy Environ. Sci.

101

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Section: Energy and Environmental Science Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Available Recycling Technologies For Libsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon neutrality strategies for sustainable batteries: from structure, recycling, and properties to applications

Lin

Zhang

Fan

et al. 2023

Energy Environ. Sci.

101

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“…Chen et al 23 adopted polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200)-thiourea to dissolve LCO, ameliorating the high viscosity of DESs in previous works but retrogressing the leaching efficiency. Li et al 24 used ChCl-oxalic acid to extract Co from LCO in a closed loop. The recycling of DESs was achieved by continuous dilution and concentration of DESs.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Leaching of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes by Ascorbic Acid Modified Guanidine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Yan

Ding

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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The replacement of traditional solvents in lithium-ion battery recovery process by deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has been widely reported. This work proposed a DES modified by reducing agents for the efficient leaching of LiCoO2 (LCO) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxides (NCMs) to overcome the intractable difficulty of previous research (high viscosity, poor reuse performance, and operation conditions). The DES of guanidine hydrochloride (GUC) and lactic acid (LAC) with 1 wt % ascorbic acid could dissolve almost 100% of LCO and NCMs under a very mild condition at a solid–liquid ratio of 1:50. The maximum contents in GUC-LAC were 3188 ppm for Li and 19,045 ppm for Co. After stripping Co by oxalic acid and supplementing VC, GUC-LAC-VC could maintain the dissolution properties with at least three cycles. In addition, the acidity and reducibility were measured through Hammet acidity and cyclic voltammetry methods, as key factors for the dissolution of Li and Co.

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“…[1][2][3][4] The use of petroleum products negatively impacts over the environment, causing severe global warming issues by polluting the air and water. [5][6][7] In 2020, global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels combustion were around 30.6 Gt CO 2 , which is almost 8 % lower than in 2019. [8] It is expected that the earth will run into a petroleum catastrophe in the coming decade due to the excessive depletion of fossils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieving Spent Cathodes from Lithium‐Ion Batteries through Flourishing Technologies

Raj

Sahoo

Nikoloski

et al. 2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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Batteries & Supercaps www.batteries-supercaps.org Review doi.org/10.1002/batt.202200418The inherent advancement of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electronic gadgets is expanding exponentially, and the ongoing surge of electric vehicles (EVS) in the near future will result in an unprecedented amount of lithium waste. Used cathode materials contain hazardous metal toxic, polymer binder, and electrolytes, posing a serious risk to the environment and public health. For socio-environmental reasons, it is required to recover all valuable metals or to immediately relithiate the used cathode materials by adding suitable salts in the stoichiometric ratio. As the consumption of batteries increases over time in daily life, recycling LIBs will become more and more crucial. Compared to the traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical routes, direct recycling technologies can regenerate electrodes without using an intensive energy or chemicals, which saves money and reduces secondary waste. As a result, the authors emphasise direct relithiation methods for spent cathode relithiation, such as hydrothermal, ionothermal, electrochemical, and molten salts. In-depth analysis and discussion are also given to the aforementioned approaches. The deactivation, disintegration, and separation processes used in the physical processing of black mass and other constituents are discussed. We reviewed the obstacles, possible commercialization of technology, and recommendations to the reviewer for the developing ecologically friendly recycling technology in the near future toward the circular economy.

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Closed-loop cobalt recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries based on a deep eutectic solvent (DES) with easy solvent recovery

Cited by 63 publications

References 63 publications

Carbon neutrality strategies for sustainable batteries: from structure, recycling, and properties to applications

Carbon neutrality strategies for sustainable batteries: from structure, recycling, and properties to applications

Green Leaching of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes by Ascorbic Acid Modified Guanidine-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Retrieving Spent Cathodes from Lithium‐Ion Batteries through Flourishing Technologies

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