Closed-circuit television in the bell system

Abstract

O N is o n e of t h e m a n y m e t h o d s of t r a n s m i t t i n g i n t e l l i g e n c e t h a t m a k e s use of t h e p l a n t of t h e Bell S y s t e m . C l o s e d -c i r c u i t television is differentiated from television b r o a d c a s t i n g , familiar to all, in t h a t t h e o r i g i n a t o r p r o v i d e s i n d i v i d u a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of t h e television signal h e h a s p r o d u c e d t o specific preselected p o i n t s . S e v e r a l r a t h e r g e n e r a l fields of a p p l i c a t i o n of closed-circuit television h a v e b e e n f o u n d useful in t h e p a s t . T h e s e m a y b e o u t l i n e d as follows: 1. T h e r e p r o d u c t i o n of o u t s t a n d i n g e n t e r t a i n m e n t e v e n t s as t h e y h a p p e n a t a l a r g e n u m b e r of p o i n t s on a c o u n t r y -w i d e basis. 2. T h e d i s s e m i n a t i o n of i n f o r m a t i o n to g r o u p s of p e o p l e s c a t t e r e d a t n u m e r o u s p o i n t s t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o u n t r y , s u c h as for sales p r o m o t i o n o r e d u c a t i o n a l p u r p o s e s . 3. T h e i n d u s t r i a l use of t h e service o n a local basis for t r a n s m i t t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n from o n e p o i n t , to a n o t h e r w h e r e it will b e of m o r e v a l u e in c a r r y i n g o u t t h e business of t h e i n d u s t r y . F r o m t h e s t a n d p o i n t of p r o b l e m s i n v o l v e d a n d g e n e r a l use m a d e of this service, closed-circuit television c a n b e d i v i d e d i n t o t w o g e n e r a l g r o u p s . T h e first g r o u p m a k e s use of i n t e r c i t y n e t w o r k s i n v o l v i n g a n u m b e r of v i e w i n g p o i n t s l o c a t e d in different cities. T h e s e c o n d involves local services c o n n e c t i n g r e l a t i v e l y few p o i n t s , usually lo c a t e d w i t h i n a single city or locality. INTERCITY CLOSED-CIRCUIT NETWORKS A T ITS INCEPTION in 1950, closed-circuit i n t e r c i t y n e t w o r k television wras associated w i t h t h e a t e r television p r o g r a m s w h e r e s u c h e v e n t s as p r i z e fights, football g a m e s , a n d g r a n d o p e r a p r o g r a m s w e r e t r a n s m i t t e d . T h e Bell S y s t e m ' s j o b in p r o v i d i n g these services is t h a t of c o n n e c t i n g t h e o u t p u t of t h e c u s t o m e r -p r o v i d e d c a m e r a e q u i p m e n t a t t h e p i c k u p p o i n t to its t r a n s m i s s i o n lines a n d t h e n d i s t r i b u t i n g it t o t h e a t e r s in different cities t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o u n t r y d e s i g n a t e d by t h e c u s t o m e r . H e r e t h e c i r c u i t is c o n n e c t e d t o p r o j e c t i o n e q u i p m e n t also p r o v i d e d b y t h e c u s t o m e r . N e t w o r k s t o as m a n y as 133 p o i n t s in 90 cities h a v e b e e n es t a b l i s h e d for this t y p e of service u s i n g m o n o c h r o m e t r a n s missions. I n t h e y e a r s s u b s e q u e n t to 1950 t h ...

Automatic Event Detection for Signal-based Surveillance

“…A workflow management system that aims at surveillance applications is called "physical security information management". There are several industrial standards for surveillance related products, such as the "Open Network Video Interface Forum (ONVIF)" 8 and the "Physical Security Interoperability Alliance (PSIA)" 9 .…”

“…Since the invention of Closed Circuits Television (CCTV) in 1950s [9], signalbased surveillance systems have been widely installed in many places, such as airports, railway stations, bus stops, outdoor roadways, remote environments, industrial factories, health care facilities and schools. A signal-based surveillance system is a distributed sensor-based communications infrastructure.…”