Clomiphene citrate — An antiestrogenic preparation with a nonsteroid structure

Grinenko, G. S.; Dolginova, E. M.; Kadatskii, G. M.; Liberman, S. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00758323

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another mode of action may be via anti-androgenic pathways (14, 15). Of note, 4OH-BP is a pharmaceutical intermediate of clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, underscoring its hormonal properties (36). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type ultraviolet light filters and semen quality

Louis

Chen

Kim

et al. 2015

Fertility and Sterility

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective To assess benzophenone-type ultra violet (UV) filter concentrations, chemicals used in sunscreen and personal care products, and semen endpoints. Design Cohort. Setting 16 counties in Michigan and Texas Participants 413 men provided semen and urine samples, 2005–2009. Five UV filters were quantified (ng/mL) in urine using liquid chromatography-triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry: BP-1 (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone), BP-2 (2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone), BP-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone), BP-8 (2,2′-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone), and 4-OH-BP (4-hydroxybenzophenone). Using linear regression, beta coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each chemical dichotomized at the 75th percentile and Box-Cox transformed semen endpoint were estimated, after adjusting for age, BMI, cotinine, season, and site. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures 35 semen endpoints. Results BP-2 was associated with diminished sperm concentration (β=−0.74; 95% CI −1.41, −0.08), straight (β=−4.57; 95% CI −8.95, −0.18) and linear movement (β=−3.15; 95% CI −6.01, −0.30), more immature (β=0.38; 95% CI 0.15, 0.62) sperm, and a decreased percentage of other tail abnormalities (β=−0.16; 95% CI −0.31, −0.01). BP-8 was associated with decreased hypo-osmotic swelling (β=−2.57; 95% CI −4.86, −0.29) and higher acrosome area (β=1.14; 95% CI 0.01, 2.26). No associations were observed for BP-1, BP-3 or 4OH-BP. Conclusion The findings suggest that specific UV filters may be associated with some aspects of semen endpoints, but await future corroboration.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type ultraviolet light filters and semen quality

Louis

Chen

Kim

et al. 2015

Fertility and Sterility

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Urinary Concentrations of Benzophenone-Type Ultraviolet Radiation Filters and Couples' Fecundity

Louis¹,

Kannan²,

Sapra³

et al. 2014

American Journal of Epidemiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Concern has arisen about benzophenone (BP) ultraviolet (UV) radiation filters, given their use in sunscreen and personal-care products and their reported estrogenic and antiandrogenic activity. We recruited 501 couples who were discontinuing use of contraceptives in order to become pregnant for the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE) Study (Michigan and Texas, 2005-2009). Couples provided urine specimens and completed daily journals until they either achieved pregnancy or had tried for 12 months. Women used fertility monitors to time sexual intercourse and digital pregnancy tests. Urinary concentrations of 5 UV filters (ng/mL) were determined using triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry: 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (also called BP-1); 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (BP-2); 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3); 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-8); and 4-hydroxybenzophenone. Fecundability odds ratios were estimated for each UV filter (dichotomized at the 75th percentile) and adjusted for age, creatinine concentration, body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)), cotinine concentration, season, and site, while accounting for time off contraception. Separate models were fitted for each UV filter and partner; final models included partners' concentrations. Male partners' concentrations of BP-2 and 4-hydroxybenzophenone were associated with reduced fecundity in adjusted models (fecundability odds ratio (FOR) = 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 0.95) and FOR = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.00), respectively). In models adjusting for both partners' concentrations, male BP-2 concentration remained associated with reduced fecundity (FOR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.97). These data suggest that male exposure to select UV filters may diminish couples' fecundity, resulting in a longer time to pregnancy.

show abstract

Clomiphene citrate — An antiestrogenic preparation with a nonsteroid structure

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type ultraviolet light filters and semen quality

Urinary concentrations of benzophenone-type ultraviolet light filters and semen quality

Urinary Concentrations of Benzophenone-Type Ultraviolet Radiation Filters and Couples' Fecundity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About