Clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks using least common multiple

Tabassum, Nikhath; Devanagavi, Geetha D.; Biradar, Rajashekhar C.

doi:10.1016/j.aeue.2017.10.014

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The network is organized into clusters and every node reaches the network synchronization time using its own CTP. This method consists of 4 steps; Cluster formation, Clock synchronization of nodes, Intra cluster synchronization and Inter cluster synchronization [16].…”

Section: Clock Synchronization Using Least Common Multiple(cslcm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new value is again broadcasted by the cluster heads to their cluster members. clusters easily change their time to new synchronization time ,which is the global time for network synchronization [16].…”

Section: Fig 1 Block Diagram Of Cslcm[16]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each sensor node has an inbuilt clock, which is set to a common time before the deployment. After the deployment of the sensor nodes, their clock time might change during the operation due to different climatic conditions like temperature and humidity, as the sensors may not experience the same conditions, when they are deployed over a larger geographical area [16] The various protocols for clock synchronization are [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Some protocols uses external reference clock for synchronization [1][2][3][4][5]The main disadvantage of this method is, Each time the clock value is updated at a node, there is an inherent error, which is passed on to other nodes as this propagates, resulting in greater accumulative error by the time the network synchronization is reached. In some protocols [10][11][12][13][14] the modifications of the clock is done recursively to achieve clock synchronization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review on Consensus Clock Synchronization Algorithms

Vincy¹,

Asha²

2019

International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering

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Recently, Consensus based Clock Synchronization (CCS) algorithms have gained much attention in wireless sensor networks due to its simplicity, distributed nature and robustness. Time synchronization in all networks either wired or wireless is important. It allows for successful communication between nodes on the network. It is, however, particularly vital for wireless networks. Wireless time synchronization is used for many different purposes including location, proximity, energy efficiency, and mobility.

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Section: Clock Synchronization Using Least Common Multiple(cslcm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 1 Block Diagram Of Cslcm[16]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Consensus Clock Synchronization Algorithms

Vincy¹,

Asha²

2019

International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering

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“…The CSLCM method does not change the hardware clock time because this protocol does not have a reference clock in base station, so synchronization error value is zero. When synchronization value is zero, the clock offset and skew will not be considered [22]. In CSLCM method, propagation delay will be constant so clock parameter will be removed while packet transmission.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

r e s t r Efficient Clock Synchronization using Energy Based Proportional Integral and Least Common Multiple Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Muthumalathi¹,

Pankajavalli²,

Priya³

2019

JESTR

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The packet transmission among sensor nodes mainly focuses on clock synchronization. This paper proposes a protocol for efficient clock synchronization in energy based approaches to overcome the clock synchronization invariances and communication overheads. Clustering technique helps to design the sensor network architectures and broadcast the sensor nodes. The existing Mobility Zonal Based Stable Election Protocol (Mob-ZSEP) protocol identifies best path using clustering approach. The selected best path using Mob-ZSEP routing protocol will be utilized by proposed clock synchronization protocols. This research paper proposes two novel protocols: Energy based Proportional Integral and Least Common Multiple (EPILCM) and Weighted based Least Common Multiple (WLCM). EPILCM protocol hybrids two methods such as Energy based Proportional Integral (EPI) and Energy based Least Common Multiple (ELCM). The proposed EPILCM protocol is used for clock synchronization using energy based approach which reduces energy consumption, synchronization error, propagation delay, clock inaccuracy and communication overhead. WLCM protocol performs transmission based on the weight of the packet in sensor networks. The EPILCM, WLCM protocols are compared and the simulation results shows that EPILCM protocol outperforms WLCM protocol.

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“…All these attacks by the malicious nodes have to be prevented by strengthening the encryption and ❒ ISSN: 2088-8708 decryption techniques, by identifying valid nodes and detecting compromised nodes by measuring packet drops and battery depletion rate [9]. Electing trusted cluster head [10] who is aware of the position of its cluster members [11] and secure routing path between cluster head and its members [12]. Also selecting secure transmission path is important [13], [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on data aggregation based security attacks in wireless sensor network

Tabassum

Devanagavi

Biradar

et al. 2023

IJECE

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<p>Wireless sensor network (WSN) has applications in military, health care, environmental monitoring, infrastructure, industrial and commercial applications. The WSN is expected to maintain data integrity in all its network operations. However, due to the nature of wireless connectivity, WSN is prone to various attacks that alter or steal the data exchanged between the nodes. These attacks can disrupt the network processes and also the accuracy of its results. In this survey paper, we have reviewed various attacks available in the literature till date. We have also listed existing methods that focus on data aggregation based security mechanisms in WSN to counter the attacks. We have classified and compared these methods owing to their encryption techniques. This paper intends to support researchers to understand the basic attacks prevalent in WSN and schemes to counter such attacks.</p>

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Clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks using least common multiple

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

A Review on Consensus Clock Synchronization Algorithms

A Review on Consensus Clock Synchronization Algorithms

r e s t r Efficient Clock Synchronization using Energy Based Proportional Integral and Least Common Multiple Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

Survey on data aggregation based security attacks in wireless sensor network

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