Clock drawing performance and brain morphology in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Thomann, Philipp A.; Toro, Pablo; Santos, Vasco Dos; Essig, Marco; Schröder, Johannes

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.11.008

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, such studies did not provide strongly convergent data. For instance, in a sample of AD and MCI patients overall score on CDT was inversely correlated with atrophy in the middle and superior temporal gyri (BA 21 and 22) bilaterally, but more strongly in the left hemisphere, and in the left entorhinal area (BA 28) [86], whereas in a sample of AD patients impaired performance on the ROCF copying task was correlated with atrophy in several frontotemporo-parietal regions in the right hemisphere [87]. In a further study [5], impaired performance on a copying test was correlated with bilateral parietal atrophy.…”

Section: Mechanisms Giving Rise To Drawing Disorders In Ad Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to old studies, in AD drawing disorders are present since early stages of the disease, and their severity increases as the illness progresses [22,28]. However, more recent investigations have shown that in the early stages of AD simple models can be easily copied and that drawing disabilities are observed only with rather complex tasks [86,87].…”

Section: Drawing Disorders In Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a different pattern might emerge as a function of clinical characteristics of MCI patients, particularly if more complex tasks are used. In a study on brain morphometric correlates of CDT in patients with MCI or AD, Thomann et al [86] observed that, even though MCI patients did not differ from matched healthy controls in copying simple geometrical drawings, CDT could discriminate MCI from matched healthy controls and AD from MCI patients. Analogously, in a further brain morphometric study on MCI and AD patients, accuracy in copying the ROCF was significantly different in MCI patients, AD patients, and healthy controls [87].…”

Section: Drawing Disorders In Prodromic (Amci) and Clinical Forms Of Admentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drawing Disorders in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Forms of Dementia

Trojano

Gainotti

2016

JAD

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Abstract. Drawing is a multicomponential process that can be impaired by many kinds of brain lesions. Drawing disorders are very common in Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, and can provide clinical information for the distinction of the different dementing diseases. In our review we started from an overview of the neural and cognitive bases of drawing, and from a recollection of the drawing tasks more frequently used for assessing individuals with dementia. Then, we analyzed drawing disorders in dementia, paying special attention to those observed in Alzheimer's disease, from the prodromal stages of the amnesic mild cognitive impairment to the stages of full-blown dementia, both in the sporadic forms with late onset in the entorhino-hippocampal structures and in those with early onset in the posterior neocortical structures. We reviewed the drawing features that could differentiate Alzheimer's disease from vascular dementia and from the most frequent forms of degenerative dementia, namely frontotemporal dementia and Lewy body disease. Finally, we examined some peculiar aspects of drawing disorders in dementia, such as perseverations, rotations, and closing-in. We argue that a careful analysis of drawing errors helps to differentiate the different forms of dementia more than overall accuracy in drawing.

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Section: Mechanisms Giving Rise To Drawing Disorders In Ad Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drawing Disorders In Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drawing Disorders In Prodromic (Amci) and Clinical Forms Of Admentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drawing Disorders in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Forms of Dementia

Trojano

Gainotti

2016

JAD

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“…Libon et al (1996) found impairment on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) to be related to the production of clock-drawing errors to both command and copy. In a voxel-based morphometry study, Thomann et al (2008) found that impaired clock drawing in patients with MCI and Alzheimer disease was associated with decreased grey matter densities in a number of frontal, parietal, and temporal structures. However, after correction for multiple comparisons, impaired clock drawing was significantly correlated only with reduced grey matter density in the medial-temporal lobe and temporal neocortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P2‐251: Visuoconstructional Impairment in Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Ahmed

Brennan

Eppig

et al. 2014

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Clock Drawing Test performance was examined alongside other neuropsychological tests in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We tested the hypothesis that clock-drawing errors are related to executive impairment. The current research examined 86 patients with MCI for whom, in prior research, cluster analysis was used to sort patients into dysexecutive (dMCI, n=22), amnestic (aMCI, n=13), and multi-domain (mMCI, n=51) subtypes. First, principal components analysis (PCA) and linear regression examined relations between clock-drawing errors and neuropsychological test performance independent of MCI subtype. Second, between-group differences were assessed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) where MCI subgroups were compared to normal controls (NC). PCA yielded a 3-group solution. Contrary to expectations, HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript clock-drawing errors loaded with lower performance on naming/lexical retrieval, rather than with executive tests. Regression analyses found increasing clock-drawing errors to command were associated with worse performance only on naming/lexical retrieval tests. ANOVAs revealed no differences in clock-drawing errors between dMCI versus mMCI or aMCI versus NCs. Both the dMCI and mMCI groups generated more clock-drawing errors than the aMCI and NC groups in the command condition. In MCI, language-related skills contribute to clock-drawing impairment.

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“…First, the instrument must be constructed in such a way that the patient alone or with the assistance of a family member and/or caregiver (to assist with the computer interface only) could complete the test with minimal supervision. Second, the instrument must incorporate research findings that demonstrate that the clock drawing and verbal fluency tests are sensitive measures of early cognitive changes in dementia and AD [40,41]. Finally, the instrument must be computer and internet based to allow for easy access, to minimize professional time for administration and to facilitate objective scoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Computerized Self Test (CST): An Interactive, Internet Accessible Cognitive Screening Test For Dementia

Dougherty

Cannon

Nicholas

et al. 2010

JAD

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Abstract. The computer self test (CST) is an interactive, internet-based instrument designed to assess functional cognitive domains impaired by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study consisted of 215 total subjects with a mean age of 75.24. The 84 cognitively impaired patients (excluding patients diagnosed as MCI) met all criteria set forth by NINCDS/ADRDA for the diagnosis of AD. Control participants consisted of 104 age-matched individuals who were cognitively unimpaired. All patients completed the CST prior to other routine neurocognitive procedures. The CST accurately classified 96% of the cognitively impaired individuals as compared to controls, while the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) accurately classified 71% and the Mini-Cog 69% in the same respect. In addition, the CST accurately classified 91% of the six experimental groups (control, MCI, early AD, mild to moderate, moderate to severe, and severe) as compared to 54% for the MMSE and 48% for the Mini-Cog. In conclusions, the CST demonstrates a high degree of sensitivity and specificity and is capable of accurately identifying cognitive impairment in patients with variable degrees of cognitive abnormality. This interactive internet-based cognitive screening tool may aid in early detection of cognitive impairment in the primary care setting. The ease of use and interpretation may also provide the means to obtain an accurate baseline from which to monitor cognitive changes over time.

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Clock drawing performance and brain morphology in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 55 publications

References 23 publications

Drawing Disorders in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Forms of Dementia

Drawing Disorders in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Forms of Dementia

P2‐251: Visuoconstructional Impairment in Subtypes of Mild Cognitive Impairment

The Computerized Self Test (CST): An Interactive, Internet Accessible Cognitive Screening Test For Dementia

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