Clock drawing in the screening assessment of cognitive impairment in an ambulatory care setting: A preliminary report

Clock‐drawing and dementia in the community: A longitudinal study

“…It is quick and easy to administer and score while maintaining an acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity. There have been a number of attempts to refine this test (Wolf-Klein et al, 1989;Sunderland et al, 1989;Huntzinger et al, 1992;Tuokko et al, 1992). Some of the more detailed tests may be more suited for research purposes but clinicians will continue to seek out tests that correlate with particular outcomes and are not complicated or time-consuming.…”

“…Thus, rate of change in cognitive function may prove to be as important a variable as the level of deterioration. The clock-drawing test appears to be a useful adjunct in the assessment and monitoring of the progressive dementias in the community.KEY woms-Clock-drawing, dementia, community, longitudinal.The utility of the clock-drawing test in the assessment of dementia has been investigated in a number of recent studies (Shulman et al, 1986;Sunderland et al, 1989;Wolf-Klein et al, 1989;Dastoor et al, 1991;Huntzinger et al, 1992;Tuokko et al, 1992). Clock-drawing appears to subsume a diverse range of higher-level cognitive abilities including visuospatial organization, integrative functions and abstract thinking.…”

A population based study on the intra and inter‐rater reliability of the clock drawing test in Brazil: the Bambuí Health and Ageing Study

“…For this reason it has been used to assess global cognitive function and as a screening test for cognitive impairment (Shulman et al, 1986;Wolf-Klein et al, 1989;Huntzinger et al, 1992;Tuokko et al, 1992;Ainslie and Murden, 1993;Death et al, 1993;Garcia et al, 1993;Watson et al, 1993;Brodaty and Moore, 1997;Manos, 1997;Montani et al, 1997;Esteban-Santillan et al, 1998;Cacho et al, 1999;Borson et al, 1999;Manos, 1999;Borson et al, 2000;Ball et al, 2001;Storey et al, 2001), especially dementia. It is simple and quick to administer, easy to remember and well tolerated by patients (Death et al, 1993).…”

A comparison of five clock scoring methods using ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis

“…Clock drawing has been used as a quantitative, qualitative and serial measure of cognitive impairment (Critchley, 1953;Eddy and Sriram, 1977;Huntzinger et al, 1992;Libon et al, 1993;Freedman et al, 1994;O'Rourke et al, 1997). The test is easy to administer, and is acceptable to both patients and healthcare workers.…”