A population based study on the intra and inter‐rater reliability of the clock drawing test in Brazil: the Bambuí Health and Ageing Study

Abstract

The CDT scored by the Shulman (2000) method appears to have good to excellent reliability in an elderly population with very low formal educational level. However, difficulties in distinguishing between scores 4 and 5, and a low proportion of score 1 tests suggest these scores may not be totally adequate for this population. Further studies are necessary to determine the consistency of our results in similar populations.

The Clock Drawing Test: performance among elderly with low educational level

“…The inter-rater reliability results were comparable with the results of Fuzikawa et al 23 In fact, it seems that the level of education does not affect the instrument stability, irrespective of the method of analysis employed to classify the clock drawings.…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In Brazil, however, only Okamoto 22 and Fuzikawa et al 23,24 have produced the few studies published about this instrument. Okamoto 22 studied spontaneous clock drawings, ability to tell time, placement of the hour hand, and copies of clock drawings in 50 patients with Alzheimer's dementia (DAT), nine with Lewy body dementia (DLB), six with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 43 from a control group.…”

“…Fuzikawa et al 23 assessed a random sample of 202 elderly individuals with very low formal educational level. The objective of this population-based cohort study was to determine intra-and inter-rater reliabilities of the CDT scored by the Shulman 10 method; the elderly were scored on two occasions by the same rater and by two independent raters.…”

“…Despite the importance of these papers in exploring the first data about CDT performance in Brazilian people, the high schooling of the sample in the first study 22 and the absence of a confirmatory standard in the last two 23,24 limited our ability to conclude that the CDT is a useful tool to screen elderly individuals with low educational level for dementia.…”

Adaptação para o português do Cambridge Cognitive Examination-Revised aplicado em um ambulatório público de geriatria

“…O CAMCOG-R estrutura-se em 69 itens, sendo 105 pontos o total possível; quanto maior a pontuação, melhor o desempenho do indivíduo. O exame conta com alguns itens de testes de rastreamento amplamente usados em clí-nica e em pesquisas epidemiológicas, como os 18 itens do Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), de Folstein et al 7 ; 8 do Teste Mental Abreviado de Hodkinson 8 ; o teste de fluência verbal categoria animais 9 , assim como o teste do desenho do relógio 10 . Esses itens estão distribuídos nas diversas seções do CAMCOG-R de acordo com a função cognitiva que pretendem avaliar.…”