Cloacibacillus evryensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel asaccharolytic, mesophilic, amino-acid-degrading bacterium within the phylum 'Synergistetes', isolated from an anaerobic sludge digester

Abstract

Cloacibacillus evryensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel asaccharolytic, mesophilic, amino-acid-degrading bacterium within the phylum 'Synergistetes', isolated from an anaerobic sludge digester T were non-motile, rodshaped (2.0-3.0 ¾ 0.8-1.0 mm) and stained Gram-negative. Optimal growth occurred at 37 6C and pH 7.0 in an anaerobic basal medium containing 1 % Casamino acids. Strain 158 T fermented arginine, histidine, lysine and serine and showed growth on yeast extract, brain-heart infusion (BHI) medium and tryptone, but not on carbohydrates, organic acids or alcohols. The end products of degradation were: acetate, butyrate, H 2 and CO 2 from arginine; acetate, propionate, butyrate, H 2 and CO 2 from lysine; and acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, H 2 and CO 2 from histidine, serine, BHI medium, Casamino acids and tryptone. The DNA G+C content was 55.8 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 158 T showed only 92.6 % sequence similarity with that of Synergistes jonesii, the only described species of the 'Synergistes' group. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 (16.63 %), iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH (12.41 %) and C 17 : 1 v6c (9.46 %) and the polar fatty acids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylmonomethylamine; these fatty acid profiles did not resemble those of any recognized bacterial species. Due to the considerable differences in genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics between strain 158 T and those of its nearest relative, it is proposed that strain 158 T represents a novel species in a new genus, Cloacibacillus evryensis gen. nov., sp. nov., in the phylum 'Synergistetes'. The type strain is 158Proteins, as well as carbohydrates and lipids, comprise a major part of the organic load in anaerobic sludges and wastewaters. For example, the protein component of dairy wastewater and domestic sewage is reportedly greater than 40 % (Ramsay & Pullammanappallil, 2001). Protein hydrolysis in anaerobic environments has not been well studied except in the animal gut, e.g. the rumen (Debroas & Blanchart, 1993), and has been restricted to molecular inventories in protein-containing wastewaters (Tang et al., 2005). The major difference between protein degradation in the rumen and in anaerobic digesters is that, in the rumen, the ruminal bacteria (both saccharolytic and asaccharolytic) grow on amino acids and peptides as majorAbbreviations: CFA, cellular fatty acid; DHP, 3,4-dihydroxypyridine; SGOs, Synergistes group of organisms; VFA, volatile fatty acid; WWTP, wastewater treatment plant.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Cloacibacillus evryensis strain 158 T is CU463952.

Straw- and slurry-associated prokaryotic communities differ during co-fermentation of straw and swine manure

“…They are able to ferment proteins or amino acids to produce VFAs, H 2 , and CO 2 (Ganesan et al 2008;Looft et al 2013). It was found that Aminobacterium played a dominant role in a methanogenic digester containing bovine serum albumin as a sole carbon source (Tang et al 2005).…”

Aminivibrio pyruvatiphilus gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, amino-acid-degrading bacterium from soil of a Japanese rice field

“…EF559200), from a T and related genera of the phylum Synergistetes Taxa: 1, strain 4F6E T (data from this study); 2, Aminiphilus (Díaz et al, 2007); 3, Aminobacterium (unless indicated, data from Baena et al, 1998Baena et al, , 2000; 4, Aminomonas (Baena et al, 1999b); 5, Anaerobaculum (Rees et al, 1997;Menes & Muxí, 2002;Maune & Tanner, 2012); 6, Cloacibacillus (Ganesan et al, 2008); 7, Dethiosulfovibrio (unless indicated, data from Magot et al, 1997;Surkov et al, 2001;Díaz-Cárdenas et al, 2010);8, Fretibacterium (Vartoukian et al, 2013);9, Jonquetella (Jumas-Bilak et al, 2007); 10, Pyramidobacter (Downes et al, 2009);11, Synergistes (Allison et al, 1992); 12, Thermanaerovibrio (Guangsheng et al, 1992;Baena et al, 1999a;Zavarzina et al, 2000); 13, Thermovirga (Dahle & Birkeland, 2006). +, Positive; 2, negative; ND, no data available.…”

“…When grown on serine or pyruvate, Aminobacterium mobile produces alanine in addition to acetate (Ganesan et al, 2008). Cloacibacillus evryensis produces acetate, butyrate and small amounts of propionate and valerate by fermenting serine and histidine (Ganesan et al, 2008). Strain 4F6E…”

“…Synergistes is the type genus of the family Synergistaceae and the order Synergistales. Later, three further genera, Cloacibacillus (Ganesan et al, 2008), Pyramidobacter (Downes et al, 2009) and Fretibacterium (Vartoukian et al, 2013) were added to the phylum Synergistetes. Consequently, at the time of writing, the phylum Synergistetes comprises 20 species classified into 12 genera.…”

Cloacibacillus sp., a Potential Human Pathogen Associated with Bacteremia in Quebec and New Brunswick

“…C. evryensis was isolated from an anaerobic digester of a wastewater treatment plant (1); C. porcorum was isolated from the mucosal lining of a pig cecum (2). Members of this genus can be identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, cellular fatty acid profiles, DNA GϩC content, and metabolic end product analysis (1). The genus Cloacibacillus is a member of the family Synergistaceae in the phylum Synergistetes, which was described in 2009 (3).…”