Clinicopathological study of rhinosporidiosis with special reference to cytodiagnosis

Abstract

Background:Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic infective disorder caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. It usually presents as a soft polypoidal pedunculated or sessile mass. Nose and nasopharynx are the commonest sites, followed by conjunctiva, maxillary sinuses, penis, urethra.Aims:The aim of this study is to present the clinicopathological features of rhinosporidiosis in a large series of cases and to asses the role of cytology in diagnosis.Materials and Methods:63 cases were included in the study group. Diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis was confirmed in all cases by histology with or without cytological evaluation. May-Grünwald-Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining was used in all cases, and special stains like periodic acid Schiff and mucicarmine were used in a few cases. Detailed clinical history of all the cases was noted. Routine hematological investigations including ABO blood grouping were done in all possible cases.Results:Evaluation of the clinical data in our series demonstrated male predominance (36 out of 63; 56%). Nose and nasopharynx were the commonest sites involved (74.6%). Routine hematology tests did not show any significant change in most of the cases. However, a significant proportion of the study population (18 out of 41; 44%) had blood group O. Cytodiagnosis attempted in 17 cases out of 63 cases achieved 100% correlation with histology.Conclusion:Morphological appearance alone in a few cases failed to give diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis. Cytology can be very helpful in diagnosis in these cases, but histology is the mainstay of diagnosis.

Cytodiagnosis of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis: A study of 16 cases from endemic area

“…Mode of infection is supposed to be trans-epithelial inoculation of organism in traumatized epithelium. [ 1 2 ] Nasal cavity and nasopharynx are most common sites of rhinosporidiosis accounting 85% of the cases. [ 8 ] Extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis is not rare, especially in endemic areas.…”

“…After the 1 st case report from Argentina in 1900, it has been documented from about 70 countries from different geographical location. [ 1 2 ] India and Sri Lanka are the endemic regions for rhinosporidiosis due to temperate climate. [ 3 ] Rhinosporidiosis is caused by an organism of mesomycetozoea group known as Rhinosporidium seeberi .…”

“…[ 3 ] Rhinosporidiosis is caused by an organism of mesomycetozoea group known as Rhinosporidium seeberi . [ 1 ] Majority of the cases are sporadic but >90% of cases occur in South East Asia. [ 1 2 ] Polypoid nasal mass is the most common clinical manifestation of nasal rhinosporidiosis.…”

“…[ 1 ] Majority of the cases are sporadic but >90% of cases occur in South East Asia. [ 1 2 ] Polypoid nasal mass is the most common clinical manifestation of nasal rhinosporidiosis. [ 4 5 ] Extra-nasal (atypical) sites of rhinosporidiosis are orbital region, lip, palate, uvula, larynx, trachea, buccal cavity, lacrimal sac, scalp, skin, penis, urethra, vulva, and bone.…”

“…[ 4 5 ] Extra-nasal (atypical) sites of rhinosporidiosis are orbital region, lip, palate, uvula, larynx, trachea, buccal cavity, lacrimal sac, scalp, skin, penis, urethra, vulva, and bone. [ 1 2 3 ] Presumptive diagnosis of primary rhinosporidiosis at extra-nasal site is often difficult. Some cases of extra-nasal rhinosporidiosis are associated with nasal involvement also.…”