Clinicopathological Studies on the Ameliorative Effects of Selenium and Vitamin E against Cadmium Toxicity in Chickens

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous environmental bioaccumulative heavy metals that concern a vital interest due to its injurious to animal and public health. An experimental trial was conducted for six weeks to evaluate the protective effect of selenium and /or vitamin E against the adverse effect of cadmium. One hundred and five, one day old broiler chicks were divided into five random groups. Group1 (negative control) was fed on basal diet; Group 2 was supplemented with 100 mg of cadmium /kg diet; Group 3 was supplied with 0.5 mg/kg diet of selenium; Group 4 was fed on 100 mg/kg diet of vitamin E and Group 5 was supplemented with Cd, Se and vitamin E combinations. The results revealed that cadmium group showed a highly significant increase in serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) (36±1.1and 220±3.53, respectively) activities, serum uric acid and creatinine (25.68±1.01 and 4.38±0.15, respectively) and a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin and globulins values (2.34±0.09, 1.14±0.05 and1.20±0.05, respectively) particularly at the end of the sixth week in comparable to the control group. In addition, a significant increase in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) (3.9±0.09 and 51.33±0.88, respectively), a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) values (0.05±0.005) associated with a significant reduction in interleukin 2 (IL2) and interleukin 10 (IL10) (1.8±0.30 and 7.4±0.43, respectively) values were reported specially at the end of the sixth week compared with the control group. Overall, our results showed an improvement in groups supplied with either Se or vitamin E when compared with cadmium group. In conclusion, supplementation of selenium or vitamin E alone didn't recover the depressive effect of Cd but their combination could improve its deleterious effect due to their antioxidant activity.

Mitigating the Growth, Biochemical Changes, Genotoxic and Pathological Effects of Copper Toxicity in Broiler Chickens by Supplementing Vitamins C and E

“…Better results were evident with vitamin supplementation than each alone because some liver biomarkers were returned near the average control values. These results were in synchronization with those attained by [ 71 ], Abou-Kassem et al [ 72 ], Mashkoor et al [ 73 ], and Hashem et al [ 20 ]. The hepatoprotective influence of vitamin C or E is associated with their antioxidant properties [ 74 ].…”

“…Samples of blood were collected from the wing vein of 10 randomly selected birds in each group at the termination of 3rd and 6th weeks post-supplementations and centrifuged (3000 rpm for 15 min) immediately for separation of serum, which is stored at −20 °C in deep freeze until biochemical analysis [ 20 ]. The chicks were euthanized using cervical dislocation, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association (Schaumburg, IL, USA) guidelines [ 21 ], and two portions of liver tissues were separated and blotted dry.…”

Detoxification Impacts of Ascorbic Acid and Clay on Laying Japanese Quail Fed Diets Polluted by Various Levels of Cadmium

“…For blood parameters, our results in Tables 7 and 8 fully agree with those obtained by Abou-Kassem et al [19] who found that the increased levels of cadmium in quail diets significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total protein, total albumen and A/G ratio compared to the control group with no effects of various levels of clay or vitamin E supplementations. Also, Hashem et al [49] found that cadmium levels at 100 mg/kg diet statistically decreased serum total proteins, albumin and globulins values. It was clear that cadmium levels at 100 and 150 mg/kg diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) ALT, AST, uric acid, urea-N, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase levels compared to control and 50 mg cadmium/kg diet at 20 and 24 weeks of age of Japanese quails.…”

“…In a partially disagreement, Rambeck and Kollmer [50] showed that the addition of dietary ascorbic acid had a great protective effect on kidney damage from cadmium intake. Hashem et al [49] reported that group received cadmium at level of 100 mg /kg diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) blood ALT, AST, uric acid and creatinine level compared to control group. The increase in ALT and AST enzyme levels and the outflow of these enzymes to the blood from the liver due to Cd hepatotoxic effect is considered as an indicator of hepatocellular damage.…”

Mitigation Effects of Vitamin C and E Against Copper Toxicity in Broiler Chickens, With Reference to Biochemical, Genotoxicity and Pathological Studies

“…Samples of blood were collected from the wing vein of 10 aimlessly selected birds in each group at termination of 3 and 6 weeks post-supplementations and centrifuged (1200 g for 15 min) immediately for separation of serum, which is stored at −20°C in deep freeze until biochemical analysis (Hashem et al 2019).…”