Clinicopathological Investigation of Foot and Mouth Disease and Serotype Identification of the Viruses in Cattle of Bangladesh

Abstract

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of farm animals. This study was aimed to identify symptoms, characteristics pathology and viral serotypes involved in infected cattle of Bangladesh. Dominant signs observed were salivation, vesicular eruption, lameness and maggot infestations in 66%, 80%, 36% and 14% cattle respectively. Out of 202 infected cattle investigated, 35 were below six months of age. A total of 18 young calves and 8 adult cattle were died due to FMD. Seven young calves and two adult cattle were examined at necropsy, 'Tiger heart disease' was commonly seen both in the young and adult cattle. The 'currant jelly clot' was common in the atrium, ventricles, aorta and veins of the heart of adult cattle. Congested and consolidated lungs, atrophied spleen, and fibrosed udder were grossly seen in the infected and dead cattle. Microscopically, hyalinization of cardiac muscle in young calf and degeneration, necrosis and multifocal lymphocytic infiltration in heart muscle were suggestive for infectivity due to FMD viruses. There were bronchiolitis, pulmonary emphysema, interstitial pneumonia and thickening of interlobular septa of lungs. Cattle survived from the acute infection developed respiratory distress in 15% cattle. Out of 202 samples tested in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 187 samples found to generate positive amplicons. Single infectivity due to FMD viral Serotypes O, A and Asia 1 were seen in 115 (62%), 26 (14%) and 34 (18%) cases, respectively. Seven cattle were co-infected with FMD viral Serotypes O and Asia 1 and four with FMD viral Serotypes O and A. FMD viral serotype O was dominating in cattle all over the country and was related to death of infected young and adult cattle. Cardiac myonecrosis and respiratory failure were the dominant lesions may be related to death of infected animals.

Clinical and histopathological studies on neurodegeneration and dysautonomia in buffalo calves during foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Egypt

“…Histopathological findings in the lungs revealed pulmonary congestion and edema, similar to the findings of recent studies [ 34 ]. Neurogenic pulmonary edema has been explained by an increase in pulmonary vascular pressure due to sympathetic stimulation, with a subsequent increase in pulmonary endothelial permeability [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Molecular characterization and pathology of field isolates of foot-and-mouth virus in Swiss albino mice

“…Salguero et al (2005) observed lesions on the lips of mice after 24 hours of infection and similar findings were observed in the present results. The erosive epithelium on the lips and vesicles on the footpads of mice were similar to those reported in large animals by Islam et al (2017) but after that, the mice showed a recovery stage as the death rate declined. In the first 48 hours, out of 45 experimental animals, seven died and after 72 hours, five mice died.…”

Molecular detection and adaptation of FMD virus serotype type O in BHK-21 cell line by RT-PCR

“…This virus, together with the other viral factors' constant change in attributes, makes it challenging for specialists in this sector to battle the disease (Rahman et al, 2022). According to RT-PCR, FMDV serotypes O, A, and Asia-1 are actively prevalent in Bangladesh (Islam et al, 2017). Combined infection of Type A and Asia-1 FMDV was also discovered.…”

“…Combined infection of Type A and Asia-1 FMDV was also discovered. From 1960 to 1990, a seroepidemiological examination of this virus in the cattle population discovered that four different varieties (A, O, C, and Asia-1) of FMDV were common in Bangladesh (Islam et al, 2017). FMDV serotypes A and O were prevalent in this country between 1996 and 2000 (Islam, 2001) .…”