Clinicopathologic and DNA Cytometric Analysis of Carcinoid Tumors of the Thymus

Goto, Kōichi; Kodama, Tetsuro; Matsuno, Yoshihiro; Yokose, Tomoyuki; Asamura, Hisao; Kamiya, Nobuo; Shimosato, Yukío

doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880423

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…[35][36][37][38] In addition, we demonstrated that thymic carcinoids, also known as welldifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, usually bear high risks for recurrence, metastasis, and tumor-associated death, and patients with thymic carcinoids have a worse prognosis compared with bronchial carcinoids. [39][40][41][42][43][44] Surgery is the key factor that influences prognosis in patients with thymic carcinoids (P 5 .007). When surgical treatment was permissible, the survival rates for patients with regional and localized thymic carcinoids did not differ significantly.…”

Section: Metastases and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our data, in combination with data from other studies, suggest that the size and location of primary tumors, the extent of disease (localized, regional, or distant metastatic), the feasibility of complete resection, the MIB-1 proliferating index, p53 expression, and the presence of carcinoid symptoms all are important prognostic factors. [2][3][4][5][6][7][14][15][16]18,19,[34][35][36][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] …”

Section: Metastases and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 35‐year retrospective study of carcinoid tumors in Taiwan

Hsu

Li³

et al. 2007

Cancer

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Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) represent useful models for studying multiple myeloma precursor disease, and for developing early intervention strategies. Administering a 4g dose of curcumin, we performed a randomised, double‐blind placebo‐controlled cross‐over study, followed by an open‐label extension study using an 8g dose to assess the effect of curcumin on FLC response and bone turnover in patients with MGUS and SMM. 36 patients (19 MGUS and 17 SMM) were randomised into two groups: one received 4g curcumin and the other 4g placebo, crossing over at 3 months. At completion of the 4g arm, all patients were given the option of entering an open‐label, 8g dose extension study. Blood and urine samples were collected at specified intervals for specific marker analyses. Group values are expressed as mean ± 1 SD. Data from different time intervals within groups were compared using Student's paired t‐test. 25 patients completed the 4g cross‐over study and 18 the 8g extension study. Curcumin therapy decreased the free light‐chain ratio (rFLC), reduced the difference between clonal and nonclonal light‐chain (dFLC) and involved free light‐chain (iFLC). uDPYD, a marker of bone resorption, decreased in the curcumin arm and increased on the placebo arm. Serum creatinine levels tended to diminish on curcumin therapy. These findings suggest that curcumin might have the potential to slow the disease process in patients with MGUS and SMM. Am. J. Hematol. 87:455–460, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Metastases and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metastases and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 35‐year retrospective study of carcinoid tumors in Taiwan

Hsu

Li³

et al. 2007

Cancer

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“…16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Although many of the previous studies have focused on non-neuroendocrine thymic neoplasms, there has been very little attention regarding these factors in thymic neuroendocrine tumors, and there has not been a systematic study of these markers with standardized immunohistochemical scoring and rigorous statistical analysis for a large series of cases (Table 3). 14,[26][27][28][29] This prompted us to focus on some of these factors, namely, p53 expression, cellular proliferation, the antiapoptosis markers Bcl-2 and Bcl-x, and the proapoptosis marker Bax.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p53, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis-related factors in thymic neuroendocrine tumors

et al. 2004

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Thymic neuroendocrine tumors are biologically aggressive neoplasms with extensive local invasion and high mortality. Although various markers of cellular proliferation and apoptosis have correlated with degrees of tumor differentiation in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms, they have not been systematically studied in thymic neuroendocrine tumors. We immunostained 21 cases of thymic neuroendocrine tumors for p53, MIB-1, and the apoptosis-related markers Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax. By histological classification the cases were low-grade (nine cases), intermediate-grade (eight cases), and high-grade (four cases) thymic neuroendocrine tumors. p53 was expressed in five cases: 1/9 low grade, 3/8 intermediate grade, and 2/4 high grade. The mean cellular proliferation (MIB-1) was 7.1% (range 2-12%) in low-grade thymic neuroendocrine tumors, 6.1% (range 2-15%) in intermediate-grade thymic neuroendocrine tumors, and 34.2% (range 2-80%) in high-grade thymic neuroendocrine tumors. Bcl-2 was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 5/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. Bcl-x was expressed in 16 cases: 7/9 low grade, 6/8 intermediate grade, and 3/4 high grade. Bax was expressed in 13 cases: 5/9 low grade, 4/8 intermediate grade, and 4/4 high grade. The presence of mutant p53 in the tumor was associated with a statistically significant decreased mean survival (Po0.05). In contrast, either by positive or negative staining or by the score technique (staining intensity Â percentage of cells staining), the presence of Bcl-x was associated with an increased mean survival (Po0.05). Finally, a Bcl-x : Bax ratio Z1 was also associated with an increased mean survival, as compared to a Bcl-x : Bax ratio Z1 (Po0.05). Our study shows that p53 expression and certain apoptosis markers correlate with survival. The expression of these markers may account for differences in biological behavior.

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“…Primäre neuroendokrine Tumoren sind sehr selten, wobei NET des Thymus die größte Gruppe darstellen. In der Summe machen sie 5 % aller Tumoren des Mediastinums und des Thymus aus und treten vorrangig im vorderen Mediastinum auf [13,15,24].…”

Section: Hintergrundunclassified

“…Wie typische Karzinoide treten auch sie häufiger bei Män-nern (bis zu 70 % der Patienten) und im mittleren Alter auf (Durchschnittsalter 48 bis 55 Jahre, Altersspanne 18 bis 82 Jahre), wurden aber auch schon bei Kindern zwischen 8 und 16 Jahren beschrieben [12,20]. Atypische Karzinoide weisen in 50 % der Fälle bereits zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose Fernmetastasen auf [15,24]. Meistens sind davon mediastinale, zervikale und supraklavikuläre Lymphknoten betroffen, wobei auch benachbarte Organe wie Pleura und Perikard infiltriert sein können.…”

Section: )unclassified