Clinico-Pathological Profile and Outcomes of 45 Cases of Plasma Cell Gingivitis

Abstract

Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is an infrequent inflammatory disease of the gingiva of unknown etiology, characterized by a dense polyclonal proliferation of plasma cells in the connective tissue. The aim of this study was to present a case series of patients affected by PCG, analyzing demographic, clinical, histopathological, and therapeutic data. A group of 36 females and 9 males with a mean age of 60.3 years was evaluated. Clinically, 25 cases were bullous, a clinical phenotype never reported to date, 4 erythematous, 4 keratotic, 4 verruciform, and 3 ulcerative. On histological examination, pure polyclonal plasma cell infiltrate was detected in 20 specimens, while in 25 specimens it was associated with a mixed infiltrate. The first-line therapy consisted of oral hygiene and topical corticosteroids in all patients. In 25 patients, doxycycline and sulfasalazine were added; in 10 of these patients, the disease persisted, and it was necessary to resort to systemic steroids. This study presented the clinico-pathological profile and outcomes of a case series of PCG. This could be an aid for clinicians to be aware of the heterogeneous clinical phenotype and of the possible pure bullous phenotype of PCG. Further studies are needed to improve the knowledge about this disorder.

Plasma cell gingivitis

“…Leukemia can be differentiated using hematological examination and plasma cell infiltrates in the histopathological examination of PGC differentiates it from multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma. [ 16 ]…”

Plasma Cell Gingivitis Treated with Photobiomodulation, with No Recurrence for a Five-Year Follow-Up

“…PCG is an extended form of plasma cell mucositis of unknown etiology. Only in some patients is it possible to recognize a specific irritant cause that could favor the disease, with consequent remission of the disease after removal [1,2,4,6,7]. The role that bacterial plaque plays in the etiology of the disease is not Although the lesions often appear in anatomical areas compatible with plaque-induced gingivitis, patients generally do not have significant indices of periodontal inflammation, but a general condition of periodontitis is associated [1,2,4,12].…”

“…Plasma cell gingivitis (PCG) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gingival mucous membranes. It is a rare occurrence with an etiopathogenetic matrix still uncertain [1][2][3]. Microscopically, it is characterized by a dense plasma cell infiltrate.…”

“…PCG presents a histopathological feature characterized by lymphoplasmacellular infiltrate near the basal membrane, spongiosis, and marked exocytosis [1][2][3]5]. It is known that chronic inflammatory modifications could lead to locoregional immunological dysregulation and induce plasma cell migration with pro-inflammatory cytokines that seem to have a key role in the immune-mediated mechanisms that trigger B-cell proliferation [2]. The diagnosis is fundamentally histopathological.…”

The histological observation of laser biopsy versus scalpel biopsy on plasma cell gingivitis

“…It was also associated with some infectious diseases such as syphilis, Castleman's disease, primary infectious disease of the lymph node, and recently COVID-19. [ 7 ]…”