Clinico-Microbiological and Therapeutic Aspects of Glanders in Equines.

Abstract

The role of glanders therapy as an alternative to test and slaughter policy was investigated in 13 draught equines (1 horse, 2 mares and 10 mules). The disease was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by isolation of Burkholderia mallei on blood agar and sterile potato slices. Mallein test was positive in 6 (46.15 %) of the 13 animals. All isolates from the 13 equines were sensitive to chloramphenicol, danofloxacin, norfloxacin and co-trimoxazole whereas penicillin and cephalexin were the least effective in vitro antibiotics. These animals were treated for 4 days with Ringer's-lactate-dextrose 500 ml + dimetyl-sulfoxide 60-80 ml intravenously and Inj. Norfloxacin 5% 35-50 ml intramuscularly (1st round of treatment). Five animals were treated again similarly (2nd round) after two weeks of the first round. All treated animals showed a dramatic improvement in the severity of the disease condition which lasted for 2-3 weeks after which the signs rebounded. Even the second round of treatment was met with the same fate. The treatment was not associated with any side-effect except in two cases which suffered injection site swelling. The possibility of a cure in clinical glanders using a longer course of treatment is proposed.

Prevalence of Anaplasmosis in cattle in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh

“…which might be accounted for higher prevalence of such infections in rainy season of the study. Lower temperature and humidity of winter months were less favorable for the growth and multiplication of tick vectors which might contribute to lower frequency of such diseases in the study population (Muhammad et al, 1999;Zahid et al, 2005). Salih et al (2008) found the highest number of ticks occur during the rainy season.…”

Clinical, Hematological Changes and Therapeutic Efficacy of Buparvaquone with Oxytetracycline against the Natural Infection of Theileria Annulata in Cattle

“…Oxytetracycline is adjunct to buparvaquone because in addition antitheilerial activity, it helps to ameliorate the pneumonic changes and curative for anaplasmosis which may occur concurrently (Khanna et al, 1983;Bagherwal, 1989;Dolan et al, 1992). Muhammad et al (1999) …”

“…In late or chronic cases which usually complicated with pulmonary disorders, hence using of antibiotics with Bupaquone was usually recommended (Mbwambo et al, 2006). Muhammad et al (1999) reported that oxytetracycline is also effective against schizon stage of Theileria and it helps to cure respiratory infection in cattle, as well as effective against other concurrent hemaoprotozoal and rickettsial infection in cattle. Hence, the present study was designed to study the clinical, hematological changes and therapeutic efficacy of Buparvaquone and Oxytetracycline against the natural infection of Theileria annulata in cattle.…”

Evaluation of PCR, DNA hybridization and immunomagnetic separation — PCR for detection of Burkholderia mallei in artificially inoculated environmental samples

“…However, glanders is believed to be still endemic in Middle East, Northern Africa and Asia [5]. Outbreaks of glanders have also been reported from India and Pakistan [6,7].…”