Clinico-epidemiological profile of oral potentially malignant and malignant conditions among areca nut, tobacco and alcohol users in Eastern India: A hospital based study

Abstract

Context:With an increase in the abuse of various oral habitual products in India over the past few decades; the incidence of oral potentially malignant conditions as leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) rates have also increased. No recent study has been conducted reporting the scenario of oral cancer and potentially malignant conditions in Eastern India (specifically Kolkata).Aims:The present study was conducted at Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College, Kolkata during 2010-2011 to find a possible correlation between the effects of the different oral habits, age, sex and the different types of oral mucosal lesions among patients reported to the hospital. This study also enabled us to see the predilection of the various histopathological stages of the lesions for different sites of the oral cavity.Subjects and Methods:The study group consisted of 698 patients having either oral potentially malignant or malignant lesion. The control group consisted of 948 patients who had reported to the hospital for different oral/dental problems and had the habit of tobacco, areca nut and/or alcohol usage for at least 1 year.Statistical Analysis:The unadjusted odds ratio, the 95% confidence interval, and the P value were calculated to correlate patients with/without different kinds of habit and having/not having various kinds of oral lesions.Results:Our study shows that for males having the habit of taking smokeless tobacco or mixed habit poses the highest risk for developing SCC. For females, significant risk of developing SCC was found in patients habituated to processed areca nut chewing.Conclusion:This study presents probably for the first time in recent years the occurrence of oral potentially malignant and malignant conditions amongst patients having deleterious habits in a hospital based population of Kolkata.

Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…17 Likewise, the gender predominance was similar to the findings of J G Ray et al, and Shrestha A et al, who found occurrence of OSMF more in males as compared to females. 17,18 Moreover, the mean age of the subjects with OSCC (Group III) was 50.04 years, with a peak incidence in 5th and 6th decades of life. This finding was similar to the findings of Ku K T et al, who stated the mean age of OSCC patients as 52 years.…”

Betel quid oral lichenoid lesions: a hospital based cross‐sectional study

“…Tobacco, when used together with areca nut, can act synergistically and exert more severe adverse effects on the mucosa; they can cause increased dryness of the oral mucosa, thereby, increasing the systemic absorption of metabolites, and triggering the occurrence of BQLL. 16 A higher percentage of subjects (88%) chewed processed forms rather than the raw or unprocessed forms of quid, in the present study. The MNLR analyses revealed that individuals who chewed both processed and unpro-cessed forms of quid were three times more likely to develop BQLL + QOML, when compared to those who chewed the processed form only.…”

“…Furthermore, the likelihood of developing BQLL + QOML was nine times higher in patients who chewed quid comprising both tobacco and areca nut, when compared to those who chewed tobacco alone. Tobacco, when used together with areca nut, can act synergistically and exert more severe adverse effects on the mucosa; they can cause increased dryness of the oral mucosa, thereby, increasing the systemic absorption of metabolites, and triggering the occurrence of BQLL …”

MMP-9 as a potential biomarker for carcinoma of oral cavity: a study in eastern India

“…In eastern India, different forms of tobacco addictions are popular such as khaini, gudakhu, snuff, bidi, paan and gutkha. A recent study reported that males with the habit of smokeless tobacco or mixed habit had the highest risk for developing OSCC while in females, it was associated with addiction of chewing processed areca nut [24].…”