Betel quid oral lichenoid lesions: a hospital based cross‐sectional study

Abstract

The prevalence of betel quid oral lichenoid lesions was higher than that reported in previous studies conducted in India. Increase in the frequency and duration of quid chewing was associated with increased likelihood of developing these oral lichenoid lesions.

Betel quid lichenoid lesion: A case series and review of literature

“…[7] In their study, the individuals who quit the habit showed rapid resolution of the lesion, thereby, confirming the cause and effect hypothesis. [7] In a study conducted by Arya et al, [2] the prevalence of BQLL among quid chewers was 9.5% in contrast to that reported by Daftary et al [8] (0.7%). Furthermore, BQLL along with other quid-induced oral mucosal lesion (QOML) was more common in females when compared to males; though the basis for this is not known.…”

“…Furthermore, BQLL along with other quid-induced oral mucosal lesion (QOML) was more common in females when compared to males; though the basis for this is not known. [2] For uniformity in the reporting of "betel quid" and tobacco chewing habits and associated oral mucosal lesions, a workshop was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, during November 25-27, 1996. [1] According to them, "quid" or any other type of chewing mixture should be described by listing out the specific ingredients to clearly outline the three basic categories mentioned below: 1.…”

“…[1] In the study by Arya et al, BQLL as well as BQLL + QOML were more common in patients who used quid containing both areca nut and tobacco as opposed to patients who used tobacco alone. [2] Tobacco along with areca nut has a synergistic action, leading to more deleterious effects on the mucosa, i.e., causing the oral mucosa to become dry, thereby, accelerating the systemic absorption of metabolites and provoking the development of BQLL. [2] BQLL + QOML occurred more commonly in individuals who chewed both unprocessed and processed forms of quid, as opposed to those who chewed the processed form alone.…”

“…[2] Tobacco along with areca nut has a synergistic action, leading to more deleterious effects on the mucosa, i.e., causing the oral mucosa to become dry, thereby, accelerating the systemic absorption of metabolites and provoking the development of BQLL. [2] BQLL + QOML occurred more commonly in individuals who chewed both unprocessed and processed forms of quid, as opposed to those who chewed the processed form alone. [2] Processing of areca nut and tobacco involves boiling followed by sun drying, which may affect the chemical concentration of these products.…”

“…[1] The term paan masala denotes a dry powdered mixture composed of areca nut, lime, catechu, and some other ingredients without a betel leaf; the same ingredients with tobacco are called gutkha. [2] An oral lichenoid lesion induced by quid has been reported exclusively among quid users. It clinically resembles oral lichen planus (OLP) but with some differences.…”