Clinically Relevant Dimensions of 3-rooted Maxillary Premolars Obtained Via High-resolution Computed Tomography

Root and canal configurations of maxillary premolars in a South African subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography and two classification systems

“…The finding of the present study (1.9%) falls within the lower end of this reported range. Cases of three-rooted maxillary first premolars have been reported in the endodontic literature and clinicians should be aware of this anatomical variant [30], as the treatment of these cases may be challenging due to their complex anatomy [31].…”

Effects of root canal enlargement on unprepared areas and coronal dentine thickness of three‐rooted maxillary first premolars with different root configurations: A stepwise micro‐CT study

“…This is an important aspect since understanding how demographic factors influence the root canal anatomy may help clinicians in anticipating the presence of complex morphologies in the clinical setting (Martins, Marques, Silva, Carames, & Versiani, 2019). Considering the highly variable internal canal configuration of maxillary first premolars, several studies have investigated their anatomy using different methods (Abella et al, 2015; Ahmad & Alenezi, 2016; Awawdeh et al, 2008; Belizzi & Hartwell, 1981; Bellizzi & Hartwell, 1985; Bürklein et al, 2017; Carns & Skidmore, 1973; Hartmann et al, 2013; Kartal et al, 1998; Marca et al, 2013; Martins, Marques, Silva, Caramês, et al, 2019; Nazeer et al, 2018; Neelakantan et al, 2011; Oi et al, 2004; Ok et al, 2014; Pécora et al, 1992; Saber et al, 2019; Soares & Leonardo, 2003; Tian et al, 2012; Tofangchiha et al, 2018; Vier‐Pelisser et al, 2010; Walker, 1987; Willershausen et al, 2006). A recent meta‐analysis revealed that the number of roots and root canals in this group of teeth varied according to the geographic region, suggesting that ethnicity may play a role in its external and internal morphologies (Martins, Marques, Silva, Caramês, et al, 2019).…”

“…Although information about diagnosis, morphology and clinical management of three‐canaled maxillary premolars has been extensively described in scientific studies and case reports, and some authors have called the attention to their fragility, especially regarded to the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots (Hartmann et al, 2013; Marca et al, 2013; Vier‐Pelisser et al, 2010), no attempt was made so far to investigate the effects of different preparation protocols on the morphology of the roots and root canals. Therefore, the present laboratory investigation aimed to evaluate three‐canaled maxillary premolars with different root configurations (Belizzi & Hartwell, 1981) regarding unprepared canal areas and remaining dentine thickness after a progressive enlargement of the root canal space through high‐resolution micro‐computed tomographic analysis (micro‐CT).…”

Root morphology of mandibular molars: a cone-beam computed tomography study

“…The full understanding of the external and internal dental anatomy is indispensable to successfully removing organic residue and microorganisms from root canals [7,10]. The correct cleaning and shaping of the main root canals could be decisive in the prognosis of the treated tooth.…”