Clinical Utility of Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin(NGAL) as an Early Marker of Acute Kidney Injury in Asphyxiated Neonates

Abstract

Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common

Predictive value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in children with acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Among them, 34 studies ( 10 , 11 , 16 – 18 , 20 – 22 , 24 , 27 – 29 , 31 – 34 , 39 , 42 – 45 , 47 , 48 , 52 , 53 , 55 – 58 , 61 – 65 ) measured urine NGAL, 14 studies ( 24 , 26 , 30 , 36 – 38 , 41 , 46 , 49 – 51 , 54 , 59 , 60 ) measured blood NGAL, and 5 studies ( 19 , 25 , 35 , 40 , 42 ) measured blood and urine simultaneously. The included studies were conducted in 20 countries worldwide, including 11 studies in European countries ( 19 , 20 , 30 , 33 – 36 , 38 , 54 , 58 , 65 ), 12 studies in the United States ( 10 , 11 , 32 , 40 , 42 , 45 , 49 , 50 , 53 , 61 , 62 , 66 ), 20 studies in Asian countries ( 16 , 18 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 27 – 29 , …”

“…The included studies covered various backgrounds of AKI. Among them, 15 studies reported AKI occurred after CPB surgery ( 11 , 19 , 21 , 24 , 33 , 36 , 40 , 42 , 46 , 50 , 53 , 56 , 58 , 65 , 66 ), 12 studies reported AKI occurred in asphyxiated neonates ( 22 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 35 , 37 – 39 , 47 , 51 , 54 , 57 ), and the remaining 26 studies reported AKI occurred in children hospitalized for a variety of diseases, including sepsis, burns, solid tumors, post-liver transplantation, nephrotoxic drug use, imaging, and preterm, neonatal congenital heart disease, neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal general surgery, etc. The diagnostic criteria for AKI used in the original studies varied and were mainly divided into the following three: pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, final and end stage (PRIFLE) ( 67 ), Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) ( 68 ) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) ( 69 ).…”

“…The diagnostic criteria for AKI used in the original studies varied and were mainly divided into the following three: pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, final and end stage (PRIFLE) ( 67 ), Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) ( 68 ) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) ( 69 ). The most frequently used measurement method for blood or urine NGAL in the included studies was enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and 7 studies used immunoturbidimetry ( 17 , 19 , 22 , 51 , 54 , 58 , 61 ), 2 studies used chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) ( 20 , 33 ), and 1 study used Fluorescence-based immunoassay (IFA) ( 36 ). The main characteristics and details of all included study are shown in Table 1 , and the quality assessment of the 53 included studies is shown in Table 1 .…”