Clinical use of progesterone in infertility and assisted reproduction

Abstract

Intramuscular or vaginal progesterone administration is critical to support the luteal phase following in-vitro fertilization and is widely employed in intrauterine insemination cycles as well. Furthermore, this hormone is usually administered in many disorders of the first trimester of pregnancy, including threatened abortion and recurrent miscarriage, but the evidence supporting its clinical efficiency is inconsistent.

The Cytotoxic Effects of Progesterone on HEK cell line in Cell Culture

“…There are studies reporting the improving effects of progesterone in treatment of some diseases [16]. In line with our finding, previous studies show that low-doses of progesterone has protective effect, however, high-doses of progesterone has moderate toxicity [17], [18].…”

Progesterone-Related Immune Modulation of Pregnancy and Labor

“…Clinically, P4 is used to treat infertility, miscarriage and PTL, for which its efficacy has been extensively studied (39–41). The immunomodulatory effects of P4 in the endometrium and decidua are often suggested to promote embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy (40–42).…”

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry applications for quantification of endogenous sex hormones

“…Progesterone is a sex hormone derived from cholesterol and is an essential precursor for glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Progesterone levels are often actively monitored in patients seeking fertility assistance, as its role in ovulation is well characterized (Ciampaglia & Cognigni, 2015; Quaas & Hansen, 2016). Furthermore, this hormone plays a role in pregnancy maintenance, and exogenous progesterone may be administered during early pregnancy to counteract deficiencies (Coomarasamy et al, 2015; Quaas & Hansen, 2016; Ransom & Murtha, 2012).…”