Clinical use of orthodontic mini-implants for intrusion and retraction: a systematic review

Abstract

Background Bimaxillary dental protrusion is common in many ethnic groups and is generally treated by the extraction of all first premolars. However, temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are currently gaining popularity and most studies have focused on anchorage loss, treatment duration, mini-implant success and failure rates, pain, discomfort and root resorption. Few studies have focused on the clinical effectiveness of implants for the intrusion and retraction of anterior teeth. Objectives To assess the clinical use of orthodontic mini-implants for the intrusion and retraction of anterior teeth. Methods A systematic review of articles selected from PUBMED and Google Scholar was carried out to determine the clinical use of orthodontic mini-implants for anterior tooth intrusion and retraction. Additional studies were hand searched to identify and include clinical trials, prospective and retrospective studies, while excluding finite element method (FEM) studies and case reports. A total of 598 articles were identified, of which 37 papers met the inclusion criteria and, following the elimination of duplicates, 20 articles were selected. Results Orthodontic mini-implants are more efficient for intrusion and retraction when compared to conventional intraoral and extra-oral anchorage devices. A greater amount of intrusion and retraction is achieved when mini-implants are placed between the first and second premolars without using any specific intrusive mechanics. Conclusion The present review highlights the clinical effectiveness of orthodontic mini-implants for anterior tooth intrusion and retraction and the results suggest that orthodontic mini-implants are more effective than other conventional methods of anchorage reinforcement.

Enhancement of bioactivity and osseointegration in Ti-6Al-4V orthodontic mini-screws coated with calcium phosphate on the TiO2 nanotube layer

“…Unlike conventional orthodontic devices, the introduction of titanium orthodontic mini-screws minimizes unwanted tooth movement and makes it possible to apply orthodontic force in various directions. 1 - 3 However, the titanium orthodontic mini-screws have the disadvantage of being easily removed due to inadequate osseointegration. 6 , 14 To improve the clinical success rate, a method of inducing osseointegration between the bone and the titanium mini-screws has been proposed.…”

“… 1 , 2 It is easy to adjust the strength of the orthodontic anchorage and the direction of traction depending on the situation, and various uses are possible through the combination of teeth intrusion, extrusion, protraction, retraction, maintenance, and intraoral devices. 3 From the patient’s point of view, mini-screws are non-invasive compared to dental implants, have less discomfort than an extraoral device, and do not interfere with life because they are invisible. 4 , 5 However, orthodontic mini-screws have low stability because they acquire retentiveness through mechanical bonding.…”