Clinical use of omega-3 fatty acids in migraine

Abstract

Background: Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) can produce several beneficial effects and are commonly used for the treatment of migraine symptoms. Although current therapeutic measures for migraine included pharmacological therapies, dietary supplements, and herbal ingredients, dietary patterns, acupuncture, relaxation techniques, biofeedback, and psychotherapy, omega-3 FAs therapeutic role seems to be obtained through the inhibition or reduction of the release of inflammatory cytokines. The present review aims to provide updated information about the effects of omega-3 FAs in migraine treatment, investigating their clinical effects alone or in combination with other substances. Methods: Bibliographic research was conducted by examining scientific literature from January 2000 until January 31, 2020. Ten clinical studies were included in the review. Quality assessment of randomized controlled trials was performed by using the JADAD scale. Results: Clinical studies methodology is not always of good quality and results show moderate evidence concerning the therapeutic role of omega-3 FAs in migraine. Conclusion: Further clinical trials are necessary to implement the knowledge concerning the use of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of migraine.

The potential impact of nutritional intake on symptoms severity in patients with comorbid migraine and irritable bowel syndrome

“…In addition, the hydrogenation process itself reduces omega-3 fat intake [ 21 ]. Hence, intake of omega-3 fatty acids has successfully reduced migraine frequency and intensity [ 22 ].…”

Neuroimmunological effects of omega-3 fatty acids on migraine: a review

“…Omega-3 PUFAs play a pivotal role in supporting neurological health and mitigating neuroinflammation through a series of biochemical processes. These processes include influencing membrane fluidity, generating anti-inflammatory mediators, affecting intracellular signaling, and modulating gene expression ( 17 , 80 , 81 ). The extensive physiological actions of omega-3 PUFAs involve neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, facilitating the modulation of neuroinflammation, pain signal propagation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and mood dysregulation, all of which are integral to the complex pathology of migraines ( 80 , 81 ).…”

“…These fatty acids play a key role in numerous physiological processes and have shown benefits in managing cardiovascular, neurological, and psychiatric conditions, demonstrating a well-tolerated side effect profile ( 13–15 ). Specifically, omega-3 PUFAs and their derivatives exhibit strong anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and neuromodulatory effects, impacting the pathophysiology of migraines ( 14 , 16 , 17 ). Moreover, various specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) produced from omega-3 PUFAs help in moderating undue neuroinflammatory responses and inflammatory pain, facilitating communication between glial cells and neurons.…”

Dietary ω-3 intake for the treatment of morning headache: A randomized controlled trial

“…However, ω-3 fatty acid derivatives are associated with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, while ω-6 fatty acid-derived oxylipins worsen to pain and cause migraines in several experimental models ( 16 ). Previous studies evaluating ω-3 fatty acid supplementation for migraines have been inconclusive ( 17 ). However, it has been hypothesized that diets rich in ω-3 fatty acids would increase serum 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), a derivative with antinociceptive effects reducing headache-related disability ( 18 ).…”