Clinical Studies of Selected Ruminal and Blood Constituents in Dromedary Camels Affected by Various Diseases

Baraka, Taher; El-Sherif, M. T.; Kubesy, A. A.; Illek, J.

doi:10.2754/avb200069010061

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, lowered values of iron during trypanosomiasis could be attributed to the decreasing of iron-transporting proteins that used by the parasite for its own growing and multiplication (Taylor et al, 2013). Significant increases in concentration of blood phosphorus among infected camels were showed in this study, which were compatible to that reported by (Baraka et al, 2000) and conflicted with (Schafer et al, 2011). However, it found that phosphorus is distributed in almost body organs, and play great function in production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) especially in muscles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Detection and Bloody Profiles Evaluation of Naturally Infected Camels with Subclinical Trypanosoma evansi, Iraq

Al-Abedi¹,

Sray²,

Hussein³

et al. 2020

ATMPH

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The current study directs for detection the molecular-prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in naturally subclinical infected camels by PCR assay, in addition to establishment a reference values for blood parameters of study animals. During of April to November/2018, the total results for testing 92 venous blood samples were revealed on 27.17% T. evansi positive camels. Among T. evansi infected camels, significant increases (P0.05) were detected in age factor at 1-4 years group; whereas, no significant variation (P>0.05) was showed between groups of areas and gender factors. Concerning to hematology, significant decreases were showed in total RBCs, Hb, and MCHC; with significant increases in MCV and MCH. For leukocytes, significant increases were showed in total WBCs and lymphocytes only. In serum-biochemical indices, significant decreases (P0.05) were observed in albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, as well as in glucose; and significant increases in AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, CK, total protein, and globulins; but neither in BUN nor total bilirubin. For serum-minerals, significant decrease and significant increase were recorded respectively in iron and phosphorus; however, no significant differences were detected in calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. In clotting factors, the findings were revealed on significant decreases in platelet and fibrinogen concentration, with significant increases in ACT, Prt, and Aptt. However, MPV and PDW were appeared without significant variation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Detection and Bloody Profiles Evaluation of Naturally Infected Camels with Subclinical Trypanosoma evansi, Iraq

Al-Abedi¹,

Sray²,

Hussein³

et al. 2020

ATMPH

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“…However, the helminths are the major cause of impaired milk and meat production, decline in fertility of males and decrease in the calving rate of the females. The systematic studies of the disease conditions, particularly those caused by helminths in the camel, are few, and the published literature consists almost entirely of case reports, parasite records, and a few clinical trials of anthelmintic preparations long in use in other farm animals (Baraka et al 2000). This is probably due to the hostile environment in which the camel lives and the non-sedentary nature of the herds, constantly moving in search of grazing and water sources (Kohler-Rollefson 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and pathology of camel filariasis in Iran

2008

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A total of 1,070 camels of different ages and of both sexes slaughtered at Mashhad slaughterhouse were inspected for infection with Dipetalonema evansi. Microfilariae were found in peripheral blood smears of 221 (20.7%) camels (14% females and 23% males). In a second study, the testicles, epididymises, spermatic cords, and lungs of 197 male camels were examined, and 165 (83.7%) were infected with adult forms of D. evansi. Tissue sections from 30 infected and ten uninfected camels were collected and processed routinely for further histopathological studies. The arteries infected with D. evansi in the region of nodules in testis showed chronic reaction characterized by proliferative and hyperplastic changes of the endothelial and fibrous connective tissue layers, narrowing the lumen or occluding it. The testicles were either hypertrophic or atrophic and showed chronic orchitis with infiltration of lymphocytes, eosinophils, macrophages and fibroblasts, parenchymal degeneration, and necrosis and, in some cases, with hematoma and hydrocele formation. Necrosis of the alveolar walls, atelectasis, pulmonary edema, and fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma with chronic interstitial pneumonia and rarely mineralization of the wall of the blood vessels were also seen in some of the infected animals. D. evansi is highly endemic and constitutes an important health problem to camels in this area, resulting in high morbidity, impaired working capacity, and lowered productivity.

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“…These conditions could also have implications for rumination times, gut microbiota, and, finally, camel health ( 54 ). It is interesting to note that, according to Baraka et al ( 40 ), 23% of farmed camels suffer from ruminal acidosis associated with low ruminal pH. Camels, unlike other herbivores, are also predisposed to diabetes mellitus and high-caloric diets can compromise their welfare ( 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, based on the current knowledge of the camel species, the proposed tool emphasized positive welfare states and human factors according to the Five Domains Model (49,50) and proposed indicators ad hoc for camels. Among the proposed welfare indicators, some were already validated in camels [e.g., BCS; (47)], others were selected based on their good feasibility, repeatability, and reliability demonstrated in other species (42,51) and the current knowledge of camel ethology, physiology, and pathology (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). The proposed protocol assesses camel welfare applying a multidisciplinary approach (14,43), suggesting several indicators for each welfare principle assessed at three different levels, namely Caretaker, Herd, and Animal (Figure 1 and Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A combination of animal-, resource-and management-based measures were preferred for inclusion in this protocol as commonly done in the literature (20). The list of indicators was further refined using the experience in the field of the researchers to cover all aspects of camel welfare and consulting articles published on camel physiology, ethology, husbandry, and pathology (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). The literature review included only papers written in English.…”

Section: Selection Of Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The First Protocol for Assessing Welfare of Camels

Padalino

Menchetti

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to develop and describe a protocol for assessing welfare in camels reared in intensive or semi-intensive systems. A literature review was conducted searching for scientific papers on assessment of animal welfare and camel behavior, management, physiology, and pathology. The paradigms of Five Freedoms, the Five Domains Model, and the welfare principles and criteria applied by the Welfare Quality® and AWIN methods were then adapted to camels. A combination of animal-, resource- and management-based indicators were selected and categorized according to three levels of assessment: (i) Caretaker, (ii) Herd, and (iii) Animal. The Caretaker level is an interview of 23 questions exploring the caretaker's background, experience, and routine management practices. The Herd level is a check of the herd and of the place (i.e., box/pen) where camels are kept. The Animal level is a visual inspection aiming at evaluating individual camel behavior and health status. The selected indicators are presented for each welfare principle and level; for instance for the principle of “Appropriate nutrition,” feeding management is investigated at Caretaker level; feed availability and quality, the number of feeding points, and camel feeding behavior are recorded at Herd level, while body condition score (BCS) is evaluated at Animal level. In this study recording sheets for the assessment at the three levels are proposed and how to conduct the assessment is described. Limitations of the proposed protocol are also discussed. Further applications of this protocol for assessing camel welfare on a large number of farms is needed to validate the proposed indicators and identify the thresholds for their acceptability as well as to develop overall welfare indices and welfare standards in camels.

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Clinical Studies of Selected Ruminal and Blood Constituents in Dromedary Camels Affected by Various Diseases

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Detection and Bloody Profiles Evaluation of Naturally Infected Camels with Subclinical Trypanosoma evansi, Iraq

Detection and Bloody Profiles Evaluation of Naturally Infected Camels with Subclinical Trypanosoma evansi, Iraq

Prevalence and pathology of camel filariasis in Iran

The First Protocol for Assessing Welfare of Camels

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