Clinical Spectrum of COVID-19 in a Mexican Pediatric Population

Bustos-Cordova, Edgar; Castillo‐García, Daniela; Cerón‐Rodríguez, Magdalena; Soler-Quiñones, Nadia

doi:10.1007/s13312-021-2126-5

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Even though the hospital is for social security patients, during the pandemic any patient requesting care was received. In several studies, patients requiring hospitalization had a high frequency of comorbidities comparable to the report by Bustos-Cordova et al from another tertiary care-level pediatric hospital in Mexico City—of the 50 patients with COVID-19, 52% had a previous medical condition ( 18 ). In a case series report from a second-level public hospital in Sinaloa, Mexico, during the first months of the pandemic (March–May 2020), only 10/51 confirmed cases were hospitalized, 50% had comorbidities, and one patient died ( 19 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Clinical presentation of pediatric patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a single center in Mexico City

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThe clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is broad, from asymptomatic to severe cases and death. The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical course of patients attended during the first months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a third-level pediatric hospital.MethodsDesign: prospective cohort study. Patients with viral respiratory disease or suspected cases of COVID-19 were evaluated at the Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center XXI Century, Mexico City, from 21 March 2020 to 13 January 2021. Statistical analysis: Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for comparisons; a logistic regression model was constructed to identify clinical or laboratory characteristics associated with critical disease. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 697 patients met the operational definition of viral respiratory disease or suspected cases of COVID-19 and underwent real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) SARS-CoV-2 testing. Patients with a positive result were included. Of the 181 patients (26%), 121 (66.8%) had mild disease and were treated as outpatients and 60 (33.1%) were hospitalized. A total of six patients met the criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Of the 60 inpatients, 65% were males, and 82% had one or more comorbidities. The main comorbidities were cancer (42%) and overweight (15%). The median hospital stay was 9 days. The inpatients had a higher frequency of fever, general malaise, dyspnea, chills, polypnea, and cyanosis than the outpatients (p < 0.05). Only 21.4% of the outpatients had one or more comorbidities, which were lower than in the hospitalized patients (p < 0.001). Laboratory data at admission were similar between critically ill and those with moderate and severe disease. The patients who developed pneumonia were at higher risk of critical disease, while older age was associated with a better prognosis. A total of 13 of the 60 inpatients died (mortality 7.1%). All but one had one or more comorbidities: four had cancer, four congenital heart disease, one chronic kidney disease and epilepsy, one Epstein–Barr virus-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, one obesity, and one diabetes mellitus.ConclusionHospital mortality is high, especially in children with comorbidities. Despite 2 years having passed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the epidemiological and clinical data on children are still helpful to improve their prognosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Clinical presentation of pediatric patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a single center in Mexico City

et al. 2022

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“…These were followed by difficulty in breathing (44.3%), muscles and/or joint pain (42.9%), chest pain (42.9%), sore-throat (40%) and nasal discharge (40%). Our findings reported COVID-19 symptoms similar to those reported in case studies in Mexico [ 37 ], China [ 36 ] and the USA [ 38 ] as well as in systematic reviews [ 11 , 34 , 35 ]. In these case series, the level of reported fever among symptomatic children with COVID-19 was in the range of 69–78% and a cough was reported in 36–67% of cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The percentage of asymptomatic children in our study is 21.4%, which mirrors the rates found in recent systematic reviews [ 11 , 12 , 34 , 35 ] and case studies in China [ 36 ] and Mexico [ 37 ]. The reported percentage of children with asymptomatic COVID-19 infections in these studies was 13.1–28.4%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Clinical and Epidemiological Presentation of COVID-19 among Children in Conflict Setting

et al. 2022

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Background: This study aims to describe the observable symptoms of children with COVID-19 infection and analyze access to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing among children seeking care in Yemen. Method: In the period of March 2020–February 2022, data were obtained from 495 children suspected to have been infected with COVID-19 (from a larger register of 5634 patients) from the Diseases Surveillance and Infection Control Department at the Ministry of Public Health and Population in Aden, Yemen. Results: Overall, 21.4% of the children with confirmed COVID-19 infection were asymptomatic. Fever (71.4%) and cough (67.1%) were the most frequently reported symptoms among children, and children were less likely to have fever (p < 0.001), sore throat (p < 0.001) and cough (p < 0.001) compared to adults. A lower frequency of COVID-19-associated symptoms was reported among children with positive RT-PCR tests compared to children with negative tests. A lower rate of testing was conducted among children (25%) compared to adults (61%). Fewer tests were carried out among children years (11%) compared to other age groups (p < 0.001), for children from other nationalities (4%) compared to Yemeni children (p < 0.001) and for girls (21%) compared to boys (30%) (p 0.031). Conclusion: Understanding and addressing the cause of these disparities and improving guidelines for COVID-19 screening among children will improve access to care and control of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…In children, the clinical course of COVID‐19 is mild and has a wide clinical spectrum 4,25,26 . In our study, cough, diarrhea, vomiting, and respiratory distress were the most common symptoms, followed by skin lesions, abdominal pain, muscle pain, headache, and seizures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…2 The most common clinical manifestations of COVID-19 include dry cough, fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, leukopenia, pneumonia, and other respiratory disorders. 3 Although COVID-19 affects all ages, according to reports, the spectrum of manifestations in children is different from that of adults, 4 so the infection in children is usually asymptomatic or there may be a mild infection in the upper respiratory tract, or had some gastrointestinal symptoms, and in severe cases, it may cause coagulation disorders. 5,6 The prevalence of COVID-19 in children is reported to be less than 2%, 7 but the reason for this low prevalence is not clear, whether it is due to its being asymptomatic or due to the reduced susceptibility of children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with severe and nonsevere COVID‐19 in Kermanshah, west of Iran: A retrospective study

Nemati Zargaran,

Rostamian,

Alimoradi

et al. 2023

Health Science Reports

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Background and AimsThe study aimed to collect and compare clinical and laboratory findings of children with severe and nonsevere COVID‐19 in Kermanshah City, located in the west of Iran.MethodsThe study was conducted on 500 children with COVID‐19 hospitalized in Mohammad‐Kermanshahi Hospital in Kermanshah City. Pediatric COVID‐19 was confirmed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test using respiratory secretion samples. Medical records were reviewed and information related to demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and chest computed tomography (CT) scans were all extracted from electronic and paper records. Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of the disease: mild, moderate, and severe. Clinical and laboratory findings were compared between the groups and the collected data were analyzed by statistical methods.ResultsOut of 500 patients, 286 were boys and 214 were girls. Of the patients, 321 cases were only COVID‐19, while 179 patients were diagnosed as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS‐C) positive. The average age of COVID‐19 patients was 3.85 ± 4.48 and of MIS‐C patients was 3.1 ± 3.5. In order, fever, cough, and heart disorders were the most common symptoms in patients with COVID‐19 and MIS‐C, respectively. In terms of disease severity, 246 patients had mild disease, 19 patients had moderate disease, and 56 patients had severe disease. In severe patients, the average number of white blood cells (WBC) was higher, while the average number of lymphocytes was lower. Also, in these patients, the average age was lower, and most of them had respiratory distress. In mild patients, often cough, diarrhea, and vomiting were observed.ConclusionThe results of our study showed that laboratory factors such as WBC count, lymphocyte count, CT findings, Respiratory distress, cough, diarrhea, and vomiting can be used to evaluate the severity of COVID‐19 in children.

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Clinical Spectrum of COVID-19 in a Mexican Pediatric Population

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Clinical presentation of pediatric patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a single center in Mexico City

Clinical presentation of pediatric patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a single center in Mexico City

Clinical and Epidemiological Presentation of COVID-19 among Children in Conflict Setting

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with severe and nonsevere COVID‐19 in Kermanshah, west of Iran: A retrospective study

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