Clinical radiotherapy application of N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing 3D polymer gel dosimeters with remote external MR-reading

Kozicki, Marek; Berg, Andreas; Maras, Piotr; Jaszczak, Malwina; Dudek, Mariusz

doi:10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.11.014

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Long-term stability may be important when measurements are carried out in a remote location from the irradiation, which would require several days of transfer of the dosimeter. This was the case for another study [ 28 ], in which different polymer gel dosimeters were used for verification of a treatment planning generated plan of irradiation of a tumor requiring irradiation in a radiotherapy department in one country and then transfer to another country for MRI measurements. In such cases, the long-term stability of the polymer gel dosimeters is essential.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of PABIGnx 3D Polymer Gel as an Ionising Radiation Dosimeter

2022

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This work presents the features of the PABIGnx 3D polymer gel dosimeter. It consists of two cross-linkers: poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), as one biacrylic component, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), which is another cross-linker often used in 3D dosimeters. Additionally, it contains oxygen scavenges of copper sulfate pentahydrate and ascorbic acid. All ingredients are embedded in a physical gel matrix of gelatine. Upon irradiation, the biacrylic cross-linking agents (PEGDA and MBA) undergo radical polymerisation and cross-linking, which is manifested by the appearance of the opacity of the intensity related to the absorbed dose. PABIGnx was irradiated with an oncological source of ionising radiation, and analysed by using a nuclear magnetic resonance (0.5 T). The following characteristics were obtained: (i) linear and dynamic dose-response of 0.5 to ~18 Gy and 40 Gy, respectively, (ii) dose sensitivity of 0.071 ± 0.001 Gy−1 s−1, (iii) integral 3D dose distribution for at least 24 days after irradiation, (iv) adequate batch-to-batch reproducibility, (v) dose-response independent of irradiation with 6 MV photons, 15 MV photons, 6 MV photons FFF of 0.0168–0.1094 Gy/s dose rates, and (vi) soft tissue equivalence. The study showed that the features of PABIGnx confirm its suitability for use in 3D radiotherapy dosimetry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of PABIGnx 3D Polymer Gel as an Ionising Radiation Dosimeter

2022

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“…Various studies have analyzed the MRI response of polymer gels for possible application in radiotherapy dose mapping ([ 58 , 63 ] and references therein). In particular, polymer gels have been investigated for dosimetry in conformal therapy, IMRT, IMAT, IGRT, VMAT and tomotherapy [ 55 , 70 , 83 , 88 , 102 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ], small photon fields [ 136 , 137 , 138 ], stereotactic radiosurgery [ 55 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ], 60-cobalt source [ 143 , 144 ], brachytherapy [ 55 , 85 , 92 , 145 , ...…”

Section: Polyacrylamide Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry

Marrale

D’Errico

2021

Gels

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Radiation-sensitive gels are among the most recent and promising developments for radiation therapy (RT) dosimetry. RT dosimetry has the twofold goal of ensuring the quality of the treatment and the radiation protection of the patient. Benchmark dosimetry for acceptance testing and commissioning of RT systems is still based on ionization chambers. However, even the smallest chambers cannot resolve the steep dose gradients of up to 30–50% per mm generated with the most advanced techniques. While a multitude of systems based, e.g., on luminescence, silicon diodes and radiochromic materials have been developed, they do not allow the truly continuous 3D dose measurements offered by radiation-sensitive gels. The gels are tissue equivalent, so they also serve as phantoms, and their response is largely independent of radiation quality and dose rate. Some of them are infused with ferrous sulfate and rely on the radiation-induced oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions (Fricke-gels). Other formulations consist of monomers dispersed in a gelatinous medium (Polyacrylamide gels) and rely on radiation-induced polymerization, which creates a stable polymer structure. In both gel types, irradiation causes changes in proton relaxation rates that are proportional to locally absorbed dose and can be imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Changes in color and/or opacification of the gels also occur upon irradiation, allowing the use of optical tomography techniques. In this work, we review both Fricke and polyacrylamide gels with emphasis on their chemical and physical properties and on their applications for radiation dosimetry.

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“…Different types of monomers were incorporated in the preparation of various types of polymer gels, such as N-isopropylacrylamide [ 27 ], methacrylic-acid [ 28 , 29 ], N-hydroxyethylacrylate [ 30 ], N-vinylpyrrolidone [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], Itaconic-acid [ 34 ], 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane-sulfonic-acid sodium salt [ 35 ], N-(3-methoxypropyl)-acrylamide [ 10 , 36 ], and N -(hydroxymethyl)-acrylamide [ 8 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Dose Response of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide Gel Dosimeter with Calcium Chloride for Radiotherapy

Rabaeh

Al-Tarawneh

Eyadeh

et al. 2022

Gels

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The impact of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the performance of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide (NHMA) polymer gel dosimeter is studied in this article. The dosimeter was exposed to doses of up to 10 Gy with radiation beam-energy of 10 MV and dose-rates of 300 cGy/min. The relaxation rate (R2) parameter was utilized to explore the performance of irradiated NHMAGAT gels. The dose response in terms of R2 increased from 0.29 to 0.63 Gy−1·s−1 with increasing calcium chloride concentration from 0 to 1000 mM. The results show no substantial impact of dose-rates as well as radiation energies on NHMAGAT samples. For the steadiness of irradiated NHMAGAT dosimeters, it was found that there is no apparent variation in R2 (less than ±3%; standard deviation) up to 3 days. The overall uncertainty of the gel dosimeter with calcium chloride is 4.96% (double standard deviation, 95% confidence level).

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Clinical radiotherapy application of N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing 3D polymer gel dosimeters with remote external MR-reading

Cited by 32 publications

References 61 publications

Features of PABIGnx 3D Polymer Gel as an Ionising Radiation Dosimeter

Features of PABIGnx 3D Polymer Gel as an Ionising Radiation Dosimeter

Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry

Improved Dose Response of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide Gel Dosimeter with Calcium Chloride for Radiotherapy

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