Improved Dose Response of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide Gel Dosimeter with Calcium Chloride for Radiotherapy

Abstract

The impact of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on the performance of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide (NHMA) polymer gel dosimeter is studied in this article. The dosimeter was exposed to doses of up to 10 Gy with radiation beam-energy of 10 MV and dose-rates of 300 cGy/min. The relaxation rate (R2) parameter was utilized to explore the performance of irradiated NHMAGAT gels. The dose response in terms of R2 increased from 0.29 to 0.63 Gy−1·s−1 with increasing calcium chloride concentration from 0 to 1000 mM. The results show no substantial impact of dose-rates as well as radiation energies on NHMAGAT samples. For the steadiness of irradiated NHMAGAT dosimeters, it was found that there is no apparent variation in R2 (less than ±3%; standard deviation) up to 3 days. The overall uncertainty of the gel dosimeter with calcium chloride is 4.96% (double standard deviation, 95% confidence level).

Gel Dosimetry

“…The manuscript of Rabaeh et al [ 15 ], entitled “Improved Dose Response of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide Gel Dosimeter with Calcium Chloride for Radiotherapy”, deals with the impact of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) on the performance of N-(hydroxymethyl)acrylamide (NHMA) polymer gel dosimeter. The dosimeter was exposed to doses of up to 10 Gy with a radiation beam-energy of 10 MV, and the relaxation rate (R 2 ) parameter was utilized to explore the performance of irradiated gels.…”

First Combined, Double‐Density LCV‐Pluronic F‐127 Radiochromic Dosimeter Mimicking Lungs and Muscles

“…[ 1 ] Further research concerned both Fricke‐gel dosimeters and other systems, such as polymer gel dosimeters, radiochromic gel and plastic dosimeters, and flexible dosimeters. [ 2–59 ] Many dosimetric compositions have been proposed. As a general rule, each new 3D dosimeter has a specific acronym, usually derived from its components.…”

“…As a general rule, each new 3D dosimeter has a specific acronym, usually derived from its components. Examples of 3D polymer gel dosimeters are as follows (the acronyms are associated with example references): BANG, [16] PAG, [17] PAGAT, [18] nMAG, nPAG, [19] MAGIC, [17,20] MAGIC-f, [21] NIPAM, [22,23] VIPAR, [24] VIP (VIPAR nd ), [25] VIC, [26] VIC-T, [26] VIP3-Pluronic F-127, [27,28] PAGAT2-Pluronic F-127, [29] PAB-IG nx , [14,30,31] NHMAGAT, [32] MAGADIT, [33] NMPAGAT. [34] Examples of 3D radiochromic dosimeters are as follows: PVA-GTA-XO-Fricke, [35,36] PVA-GTA-MTB-Fricke, [37] Fricke-XOgelatine, [38] Fricke-XO-Pluronic F-127, [10,13,39] TTC-Pluronic F-127, [40] NBT-Pluronic F-127, [41,42] KI-PVA, [43] KI-Pluronic F-127, [12] LCV-gelatine; [44] and 3D plastic radiochromic dosimeter: PRESAGE.…”

The Impact of Temporal Changes in Irradiated nMAG Polymer Gels on Their Applicability in Small Field Dosimetry in Radiotherapy

“…Dose gels and their applications in external beam radiotherapy. Despite the large variety of polymer gels used for dosimetry applications [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], all of them contain radiation-sensitive monomers which tend to form polymer networks after irradiation, gelatin (scaffold) and water (>80%, usually). Due to the large amount of water in these type of hydrogels, water radiolysis causes a primary response in dose [ 20 ].…”