Clinical, radiological and bacteriological findings in canine periodontitis

Abstract

The clinical and radiological features and bacterial flora were studied in 16 small dogs with periodontitis. Gingival retraction, bleeding and alveolar bone loss were the most typical findings, whereas deep periodontal pockets were infrequently found. Periodontitis was frequently localised to certain regions of the dentition, most often in premolars or incisors. However, the deepest periodontal pockets were found in canine teeth. The mean pocket depth was 2·0 ± 0·4 mm (mean ± SD). The mean percentage of the sites with a pocket depth of more than 3 mm was 10·5 per cent. The mean occurrence of gingival bleeding after probing was 22·7 ± 12·7 per cent and the mean percentage of furcation lesions in multirooted teeth per dog was 46·0 ± 23·5 per cent. Tooth mobility was seen in 26·7 ± 13·3 per cent of the teeth. In each case subgingival plaque samples were taken for microbiological examination from two teeth with periodontitis and one healthy tooth. There was a clear difference between the diseased and healthy pockets in the detection frequency of the following Gram‐negative anaerobes: pigmented, non‐pigmented slime producing and fusiform rods. The counts of Gram‐negative pigmented, other non‐pigmented and fusiform rods as well as Gram‐positive cocci were clearly higher in the diseased pockets. Pigmented Gram‐negative rods (mainly asaccharolytic, Porphyromonas‐like species) were the most common finding in both diseased and healthy pockets.

Periodontal disease in research beagle dogs – an epidemiological study

“…The methodological differences concerning sample selection, sample size, number of sites and teeth examined are so large between studies that great caution needs to be exercised. In some veterinary studies, the diagnosis of periodontal disease is synonymous with gingivitis (Isogai and others 1989), while in other studies, the diagnosis signals the presence of pathologically deepened pockets (Gad 1968, Golden and others 1982, Sarkiala and others 1993) or the presence of deep pockets and loss of attachment (Sorensen and others 1980, Hoffmann and Gaengler 1996). This multitude of diagnostic criteria reflects the lack of a generally accepted and operational definition of periodontitis or periodontal disease, a situation which also characterises the human clinic (Baelum and Lopez 2003), and is likely to prevail until a uniform definition of periodontitis is generally accepted.…”

“…For practical reasons, the dogs have often been selected in a non‐randomised way, and such convenience samples are highly prone to the effects of selection bias. A large variety of criteria have been used to establish the diagnosis of periodontal disease varying from different combinations of plaque/calculus with indices for gingivitis (Gad 1968, Sorensen and others 1980, Golden and others 1982, Isogai and others 1989, Sarkiala and others 1993, Harvey and others 1994, Hoffmann and Gaengler 1996) to the use of pocket depth (PD) and clinical loss of attachment (Harvey and others 1994, Hoffmann and Gaengler 1996). Moreover, for practical reasons, the diagnosis has usually been made based on the examination of a subset of the dentition (Golden and others 1982, Hamp and others 1984, Sarkiala and others 1993, Harvey and others 1994).…”

Isolamento e identificação da microbiota periodontal de cães da raça Pastor Alemão

“…Sobre (NEWMAN et al, 1977;SYED et al, 1981;ISOGAI et al, 1989;HENNET & HARVEY, 1991;SARKIALA et al, 1993;BOYCE et al, 1995;HARVEY et al, 1995;RENVERT et al, 1996;FORSBLOM et al, 1997;DOMINGUES et al, 1999). A diferenciação entre certas espécies de Porphyromonas produtoras de colônias com pigmentação negra, freqüentemente isoladas de cães, como P. canoris, P. cangingivalis, P. cansulci, P. gingivicanis e P. crevioricanis (COLLINS et al,1994;HIRASAWA & TAKADA, 1994;LOVE et al, 1994) e Fusobacterium nucleatum/necrophorum não foi realizada devido a limitações metodológicas.…”

“…e Fusobacterium spp. encontrado em sítios doentes reforça as evidências da participação destes microrganismos na patogênese da periodontite em cães, como sugerido em outros trabalhos (SYED et al, 1981;ISOGAI et al, 1989;SARKIALA et al, 1993;ALLAKER et al, 1994;BOYCE et al, 1995;RENVERT et al, 1996), similarmente à associação descrita na doença periodontal humana (SOCRANSKY & HAFFAJEE, 1999 BERGLUNDH & LINDHE (1993). O conhecimento da microbiota oral de cães permite também estabelecer os prováveis patógenos envolvidos nas infecções de feridas por mordidas em animais e em seres humanos, assim como em infecções de feridas cirúrgicas de cães pelo próprio paciente (CARNEIRO et al, 2001) e, consequentemente, orientar na escolha do melhor tratamento.…”

Measurement of peptidase activity and evaluation of effectiveness of administration of minocycline for treatment of dogs with periodontitis

“…Significant differences were not observed in total bacterial counts for the control sites throughout the study, compared with baseline values. 4,16,17 Trypsin-like enzymatic activity has not been observed from these bacteria obtained from dogs. Results of the study reported here are in agreement with several reports concerning the effects of minocycline on bacteria in the oral cavity.…”