Clinical prospects of long noncoding RNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in prostate cancer

Mouraviev, Vladimir; Lee, B; Patel, Vip; Albala, David; Johansen, Truls Erik Berklund; Partin, A.; Ross, Ashley E.; Perera, Ranjan J.

doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.48

Cited by 80 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Given their cell-specific expression, lncRNAs have been described as potential biomarkers in various cancers types such as gastric [72], lung [73], prostate [74], and hepatocellular carcinoma [75]. Similarly, several lncRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers in cells with different OC histotypes, where their expressions levels are altered.…”

Section: Lncrna Signature As a Diagnostic And Prognostic Biomarker Of Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-Coding RNAs: the New Horizon of Gene Regulation in Ovarian Cancer

Worku

Bhattarai

Ayers

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-coding transcripts, have recently been emerging with heterogeneous molecular actions, adding a new layer of complexity to generegulation networks in tumorigenesis. LncRNAs are considered important factors in several ovarian cancer histotypes, although few have been identified and characterized. Owing to their complexity and the lack of adapted molecular technology, the roles of most lncRNAs remain mysterious. Some lncRNAs have been reported to play functional roles in ovarian cancer and can be used as classifiers for personalized medicine. The intrinsic features of lncRNAs govern their various molecular mechanisms and provide a wide range of platforms to design different therapeutic strategies for treating cancer at a particular stage. Although we are only beginning to understand the functions of lncRNAs and their interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, the expanding literature indicates that lncRNA-miRNA interactions could be useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss the genetic variants of lncRNAs, heterogeneous mechanisms of actions of lncRNAs in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, and drug resistance. We also highlight the recent developments in using lncRNAs as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Lastly, we discuss potential approaches for linking lncRNAs to future gene therapies, and highlight future directions in the field of ovarian cancer research.

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Section: Lncrna Signature As a Diagnostic And Prognostic Biomarker Of Ocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Non-Coding RNAs: the New Horizon of Gene Regulation in Ovarian Cancer

Worku

Bhattarai

Ayers

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Increased levels of blood CTCs are associated with poor survival outcome for patients with prostate cancer (52). Aside from the typically used blood-based PSA test, the urine-based expression test of lncRNA PCA3 may provide information for the early detection of cancer (28,34). Signature analysis of a panel of genes (PCA3, serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1, Golgi phosphoprotein 2 and TMPRSS2:ERG) identified that their presence in urine was demonstrated to be more effective, compared with testing for PCA3 alone, for the early detection of cancer (46).…”

Section: Non-invasive Genetic Biomarker Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overexpression of prostate cancer associated transcript 1 (PCAT1), another lncRNA, has been identified in a subset of high-grade localized (GS, ≥7) and metastatic tumors (Table I) (27,28). PCAT1 functions to promote cancer cell proliferation through mediating the upregulation of c-Myc and the repression of breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) (35,36).…”

Section: Genetic Biomarkers For Risk Stratification Of Aggressive Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epigenetic alterations, including genomic hypermethylation, are associated with advanced stages of cancer (24,25). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified by their specific association with prostate tissue and altered expression during tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis (26)(27)(28). LncRNAs function as oncogenes, such as CDKN2B-AS1, which functions to silence the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN2B, or as tumor suppressors, such as growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5).…”

Section: Prostate Cancer Genomics and Molecular Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this blood test is not able to distinguish indolent cancer from aggressive cancer, which may lead to over-diagnosis and over-treatment of low-risk cancer cases (2,30). LncRNA prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), which is overexpressed in ~5% of prostate tumors, may be a complementary test that improves the probability of a cancer-positive biopsy (28)(29)(30)(31). A previous meta-analysis of 46 cohort studies demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity achieved by the urine PCA3 test was 0.65 and 0.73, respectively (34).…”

Section: Genetic Biomarkers For Screening and Detection Of Early Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The context of prostate cancer genomics in personalized medicine

Liu

2017

Oncology Letters

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Abstract. Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in males. Heterogeneous genomic aberrations may lead to prostate cancer onset, progression and metastasis. This heterogeneity also contributes to the variety in cancer risk and outcomes, different drug responses and progression, observed between individual patients. Classical prognostic factors, including prostate-specific antigen, Gleason Score and clinical tumor staging, are not sufficient to portray the complexity of a clinically relevant cancer diagnosis, risk prognosis, treatment choice and therapy monitoring. There is a requirement for novel genetic biomarkers in order to understand the oncogenic heterogeneity in a patient-personalized clinical setting and to improve the efficacy of risk prognosis and treatment choice. A number of biomarkers and gene panels have been established from patient sample cohort studies. These previous studies have provided distinct information to the investigation of heterogeneous malignancy in prostate cancer, which aids in clinical decision-making. Biomarker-guided therapies may facilitate the effective selection of drugs during early treatment; therefore, are beneficial to the individual patient. A non-invasive approach allows for convenient and repeated sampling to screen for cancer and monitor treatment response without the requirement for invasive tissue biopsies. With the current availability of numerous advanced technologies, reliable detection of the minimal tumor residues present following treatment may become clinical practice and, therefore, inform further in the field of personalized medicine.

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Clinical significance of long noncoding RNA SPRY4‐IT1 in melanoma patients

Shen

Xiong³

et al. 2016

FEBS Open Bio

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Long noncoding RNA SPRY 4‐ IT 1 has been reported to promote melanoma cell growth and invasion, and to block apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of SPRY 4‐ IT 1 in patients with malignant melanoma. The relative expression levels of SPRY 4‐ IT 1 were measured in plasma samples from 70 patients and 79 healthy controls by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. SPRY 4‐ IT 1 expression is high in melanoma patients but low in healthy controls, and is closely associated with tumor site and tumor stage. Elevated SPRY 4‐ IT 1 significantly reduces overall survival rates of patients and is considered as an independent prognostic factor in patients with melanoma. The prognostic nomogram shows a good prediction of the probability of 5‐year overall survival of patients with melanoma (c‐index: 0.72). The calibration curve for the probability of survival presents good agreement between actual outcomes and predictive consequences. In summary, SPRY 4‐ IT 1 may be a potential prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target.

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Clinical prospects of long noncoding RNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in prostate cancer

Abstract: lncRNA expression is altered in cancer. Aberrant regulation promotes tumor formation, progression and metastasis. lncRNAs can use as tumor markers for PCa and may be attractive novel therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.

Cited by 80 publications

References 52 publications

Long Non-Coding RNAs: the New Horizon of Gene Regulation in Ovarian Cancer

Long Non-Coding RNAs: the New Horizon of Gene Regulation in Ovarian Cancer

The context of prostate cancer genomics in personalized medicine

Clinical significance of long noncoding RNA SPRY4‐IT1 in melanoma patients

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