The context of prostate cancer genomics in personalized medicine

Abstract

Abstract. Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in males. Heterogeneous genomic aberrations may lead to prostate cancer onset, progression and metastasis. This heterogeneity also contributes to the variety in cancer risk and outcomes, different drug responses and progression, observed between individual patients. Classical prognostic factors, including prostate-specific antigen, Gleason Score and clinical tumor staging, are not sufficient to portray the complexity of a clinically relevant cancer diagnosis, risk prognosis, treatment choice and therapy monitoring. There is a requirement for novel genetic biomarkers in order to understand the oncogenic heterogeneity in a patient-personalized clinical setting and to improve the efficacy of risk prognosis and treatment choice. A number of biomarkers and gene panels have been established from patient sample cohort studies. These previous studies have provided distinct information to the investigation of heterogeneous malignancy in prostate cancer, which aids in clinical decision-making. Biomarker-guided therapies may facilitate the effective selection of drugs during early treatment; therefore, are beneficial to the individual patient. A non-invasive approach allows for convenient and repeated sampling to screen for cancer and monitor treatment response without the requirement for invasive tissue biopsies. With the current availability of numerous advanced technologies, reliable detection of the minimal tumor residues present following treatment may become clinical practice and, therefore, inform further in the field of personalized medicine.

Clonal diversity revealed by morphoproteomic and copy number profiles of single prostate cancer cells at diagnosis

“…Counts for CTCs in PB and MTCs in BMA were 0 cells ml −1 and 3673 cells ml −1 , respectively (figure 4(a)). The HD-SCA threshold for a positive sample is ⩾1 cell per case based on previous studies, making BMA positive for this patient [23,24]. MTCs were detected as both single cells and clusters of 2-5 cells (25%), 6-10 cells (3%), and 11 + cells (1%) (figure 4(a)).…”

Prognostic value of serum alkaline phosphatase in the survival of prostate cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis

“…So far, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been mostly used for early detection and recurrence evaluation as a biomarker. Gleason score is a classical prognostic factor but not sufficient to portray the complexity of clinical prognosis 2. The heterogeneous genomic property of PCa can lead to the difficulty in survival prognosis and therapy monitoring.…”

“…Gleason score is a classical prognostic factor but not sufficient to portray the complexity of clinical prognosis. 2 The heterogeneous genomic property of PCa can lead to the difficulty in survival prognosis and therapy monitoring. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel effective parameters to predict outcomes for treatment decision.…”

<p>lncRNA ZFAS1 Is Involved in the Proliferation, Invasion and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Cells Through Competitively Binding to miR-135a-5p</p>

“…PCa is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male reproductive and urinary system. 26 A recent study demonstrated that lncRNAs are also involved in the occurrence of PCa, and Zhu et al 27 found that lncRNA H19 inhibits the metastasis of PCa through targeting miR-675 and TGFBI. Moreover, Shi et al suggested that lncRNA APP promotes PCa development through competitively binding to miR-218.…”