Clinical Profile and Factors Determining the Final Visual Outcome of Patients Presenting with Ocular Trauma

Abstract

Keywords: ocular trauma, open globe injury, close globe injury, visual outcome eye or adnexa and classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology system which included status of globe wall (open globe or closed globe), type of injury, zone of injury, grade of injury and pupillary abnormalities.Abstract Purpose:-To determine the clinical profile and the factors affecting the visual outcome of patients with ocular trauma Materials & Methods:-A retrospective review of medical records of patients with ocular trauma presenting at a tertiary referral centre, Eastern Nepal, from January 2015 to December 2015. Different pre-operative variables were reviewed and analyzed with the final visual acuity (VA).Results:-The cohort consisted of 136 patients (138 eyes). The mean age was 16.09±15.89 years (3 months -72 years) with male : female ratio of 3:1. Children < 15 years of age were predominantly affected (65%). Ninety nine (71.1%) sustained open globe injury (OGI) and 39 (28.3%) closed globe injury (CGI). Fifty one percent sustained injury while playing; wooden stick being the most common agent (36%). In this study, ocular injury was classified according to the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology and Ocular Trauma Classification System. Among OGI, zone I was more frequent (71.7%) followed by zone II (19 %) and zone III (9.09%). Contusion was the most common CGI (55.26%). On multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression, the factors affecting the final outcome were initial VA (p=0.004, OR 0.063, lens status (p=0.037, OR: 2.54, OR 6.44, group (OGI vs CGI, p=0.001) and hyphaema (p=0.020).Conclusions:-Children less than fifteen years and male patients were predominantly affected. Traumatic cataract, initial visual acuity, secondary glaucoma, group of injury and hyphaema adversely affected the final visual outcome. Statistical AnalysisStatistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Statistical analysis of quantitative data, including descriptive statistics, parametric and non-parametric comparisons, was performed for all variables. Frequency analysis was performed by Chi-square test. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to find the correlation for pre-operative variables with the final visual Original Article www.djo.org.in

Profile of Ocular Trauma during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown at a Tertiary Center in Eastern Nepal

“…Previously some pre-lockdown studies have shown workplace as the most common site of ocular injury [14,16,18]. Sports related ocular injuries was the most common (55.5%) in the study done in the same centre in 2015, followed by work place related injury (27.9%) [5]. Physical assault or violence accounted for 15.1% of cases which is much higher than another report where an increase from 4.2% to 5.4% in violence related ocular injury occurred during the lockdown [12].…”

“…It has devastating effects on the individual as well as on the socioeconomic status of a country [2,3]. Playground, school, road, and workplace are common places of injury [4][5][6][7]. During the pandemic, these areas either had restricted entry or were entirely closed, which might have decreased the incidence of trauma occurring at these places.…”

The Relationship of Mechanical Ocular Trauma and the Best-Corrected Visual Acuity Results in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

“…This can be proven from Chi square test result. There was a significant difference in BCVA between sharp trauma and blunt trauma (p <0.002) (Lavaju, 2018).…”

“…The relationship between eye mechanical trauma and BCVA of eye mechanical trauma patients inDr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia in 2016-2018 …”