Clinical pathology of the tongue

Oral varix: a review

“…A major conundrum in ageing research is attempting to distinguish between gradual effects of disease states versus true effects of ageing free of pathologic changes 57 . However, there is a broad consensus in the high incidence of oral varicose lesions on elder people 3,9,12,[14][15][16][17][18]20,[22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31]34,[36][37][38]41,44,46,48,[58][59][60][61] . Percentages given by various authors go between 16.2 and 80% (see Table 2).…”

“…It has been mentioned OV in relation to cardiopathies 12,37,63 , as chronic elevations of right-heart pressure may predispose to variceal formation 70 . Specific disorders referred are right-heart and congestive heart failure 30 and mitral heart disease 17 . Additionally, OV has been linked with cardiopulmonary diseases 3,12,22 and intense cyanotic emphysemas 9,17 .…”

“…Specific disorders referred are right-heart and congestive heart failure 30 and mitral heart disease 17 . Additionally, OV has been linked with cardiopulmonary diseases 3,12,22 and intense cyanotic emphysemas 9,17 . This refers to process known as cor pulmonale (heart disease of pulmonary origin 69 ), which could be produced for a pulmonary emphysema, and one of its main consequences is a pure right-heart failure.…”

“…Caviar tongue is a widely used name that has been given to them, given its typical feature of multiple, round little masses of purplish blue colour 14,15 . However, it has been given several denominations, including phlebectasia linguae 16,17 , caviar tongue 14,15 , spots or lesions 18 , lingual [19][20][21][22] and sublingual varicosities 3,[23][24][25] . OV is believed to be a developmental anomaly and is often discovered incidentally during routine oral examination 26 .…”