Clinical outcomes following COVID-19 infection in ethnic minority groups in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Siddiq, Sania; Ahmed, Saima; Akram, Irfan

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2022.05.019

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In obesity, we hypothesise that the pre-existing immune dysregulation characterised by lowgrade chronic inflammation (22,23), neutrophil activation (43), altered cytokine profile (26), dysregulated T cell homeostasis (44) and impaired cellular immunity (27)(28)(29) may lead to delayed viral clearance in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Animal studies have shown increased viral load in obesity (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Office for National Statistics in England reported that COVID-19 mortality in the UK was up to 5 times higher for people of Bangladeshi ethnic background compared to people with White British background, and rate of deaths involving COVID-19 has remained highest for the Bangladeshi ethnic group since the 2 nd wave of the pandemic (20,21). Multiple contributing factors have been proposed to explain worse COVID-19 outcomes in certain ethnicities, with differences related to metabolism and metabolic health amongst these (22) alongside socio-economic factors. Emerging data show ethnicity may modify the association between body mass index (BMI) and COVID-19 outcomes (23,24).…”

Section: Study Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity Differs from Diabetes Mellitus in Antibody and T Cell Responses Post COVID-19 Recovery

Ali

Longet

Neale

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective: Obesity and type 2 diabetes (DM) are risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes, which disproportionately affect South Asian populations. This study aims to investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in adult COVID-19 survivors with obesity and DM in Bangladesh. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T cell responses were investigated in 63 healthy and 75 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 recovered individuals in Bangladesh, during the pre-vaccination first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Results: In COVID-19 survivors, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced robust antibody and T cell responses, which correlated with disease severity. After adjusting for age, sex, DM status, disease severity, and time since onset of symptoms, obesity was associated with decreased neutralising antibody titers, and increased SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IFN-γ response along with increased proliferation and IL-2 production by CD8+ T cells. In contrast, DM was not associated with SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and T cell responses after adjustment for obesity and other confounders. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with lower neutralising antibody levels and higher T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 post COVID-19 recovery, while antibody or T cell responses remain unaltered in DM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Differs from Diabetes Mellitus in Antibody and T Cell Responses Post COVID-19 Recovery

Ali

Longet

Neale

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…From 2020 to 2022, substantially more literature emerged that allowed for meta-analyses of clinical outcomes. 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 All meta-analyses found strong evidence of higher rates of infection within ethnic minority groups (PPHC level two), and some found a higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation in ethnic minority groups compared to majority groups (PPHC level four). However, many of these data syntheses focused on high-income countries only, presumably due to the lack of data from other settings, limiting their generalisability to global populations, and used broad terms relating to ethnicity (for example, Asian, but not South or East Asian) when performing their data synthesis.…”

Section: Clinical Outcomes Of Ethnic Minority Groups In Relation To C...mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…People from ethnic minority and Indigenous groups and have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 The reasons for this are complex but relate to health inequity with large-scale social, political, and economic disadvantages that accumulate across the life course and are passed through generations. 7 , 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disproportionate infection, hospitalisation and death from COVID-19 in ethnic minority groups and Indigenous Peoples: an application of the Priority Public Health Conditions analytical framework

Irizar,

Pan,

Taylor

et al. 2024

eClinicalMedicine

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“…Although vaccines are now available, re-infection is common [2]. Various factors including ethnicity, age and clinical conditions have been proposed to be associated with an increased risk of infection [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In addition, increasing reports indicate that human genetic variation is a contributing factor for increased susceptibility and disease severity [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting human and viral protein variants affecting COVID-19 susceptibility and repurposing therapeutics

Waman,

Ashford,

Lam

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The COVID-19 disease is an ongoing global health concern. Although vaccination provides some protection, people are still susceptible to re-infection. Ostensibly, certain populations or clinical groups may be more vulnerable. Factors causing these differences are unclear and whilst socioeconomic and cultural differences are likely to be important, human genetic factors could influence susceptibility. Experimental studies indicate SARS-CoV-2 uses innate immune suppression as a strategy to speed-up entry and replication into the host cell. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impact of variants in immunity-associated human proteins on susceptibility to COVID-19.In this work, we analysed missense coding variants in several SARS-CoV-2 proteins and its human protein interactors that could enhance binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2. We curated a dataset of 19 SARS-CoV-2: human protein 3D-complexes, from the experimentally determined structures in the Protein Data Bank and models built using AlphaFold2-multimer, and analysed impact of missense variants occurring in the protein-protein interface region. We analysed 468 missense variants from human proteins and 212 variants from SARS-CoV-2 proteins and computationally predicted their impacts on binding affinities to SARS-CoV-2 proteins, using 3D-complexes.We predicted a total of 26 affinity-enhancing variants from 14 human proteins implicated in increased binding affinity to SARS-CoV-2. These include key-immunity associated genes (TOMM70, ISG15, IFIH1, IFIT2, RPS3, PALS1, NUP98, RAE1, AXL, ARF6, TRIMM, TRIM25) as well as important spike receptors (KREMEN1, AXL and ACE2). We report both common (e.g., Y13N in IFIH1) and rare variants in these proteins and discuss their likely structural and functional impact, using information on known and predicted functional sites. Potential mechanisms associated with immune suppression implicated by these variants are discussed.Occurrence of certain predicted affinity-enhancing variants should be monitored as they could lead to increased susceptibility and reduced immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals/populations carrying them. Our analyses aid in understanding the potential impact of genetic variation in immunity-associated proteins on COVID-19 susceptibility and help guide drug-repurposing strategies.

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Clinical outcomes following COVID-19 infection in ethnic minority groups in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Obesity Differs from Diabetes Mellitus in Antibody and T Cell Responses Post COVID-19 Recovery

Obesity Differs from Diabetes Mellitus in Antibody and T Cell Responses Post COVID-19 Recovery

Disproportionate infection, hospitalisation and death from COVID-19 in ethnic minority groups and Indigenous Peoples: an application of the Priority Public Health Conditions analytical framework

Predicting human and viral protein variants affecting COVID-19 susceptibility and repurposing therapeutics

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