Purpose To investigate the transforming growth factor beta-induced gene (TGFBI) mutations in Brazilian patients with corneal dystrophy and to evaluate the phenotypegenotype correlation in these patients. Methods A total of 11 unrelated families were studied. The diagnosis of corneal dystrophy was based on clinical and histopathological findings. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes, and exons 4 and 12 of the TGFBI gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing on both strands. Results Five different mutations in the TGFBI gene were found in the probands. We identified the following mutations: lattice corneal dystrophyFR124C and A546T; Reis-Bü cklers corneal dystrophyFR555Q and R124L; granular corneal dystrophyFR555W and Avellino dystrophyFR555W. In three of the 11 studied families there was no mutation in exons 4 and 12. Conclusions This is the first report of mutations in the TGFBI gene in a series of Brazilian patients with corneal dystrophy. The findings indicate that TGFBI gene screening should be considered in the diagnosis of corneal dystrophy.