Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis

Abstract

Lyme borrelosis is a multi-systemic disease caused byBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato. A complete presentation of the disease is an extremely unusual oberservation, in which a skin lesion follows a tick bite, the lesion itself is followed by heart and nervous system involvement, and later on by arthritis; late involvement of the eye, nervous system, joints and skin may also occur. Information on the relative frequency of individual clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis is limited; however, the skin is most frequently involved and skin manifestations frequently represent clues for the diagnosis. The only sign that enables a reliable clinical diagnoisis of Lyme borreliosis is a typical erythema migrans. Laboratory confirmation of a borrelial infection is needed for all manifestations of Lyme borreliosis, with the exception of typical skin lesions.

Ticks, Borrelia Burgdorferi and Lyme Disease

“…However, without antibiotic therapy, spirochetes may survive for several more years, and may cause latestage complications. The prevalence of specific infectious complications reflects the distribution of genospecies in the region, with Borrelia burgdorferi more commonly associated with arthritis, B garinii with neurologic disease and B afzelii with skin manifestations (15).…”

The origin of tendon friction rubs in patients with systemic sclerosis: A sonographic explanation

“…The patient group consisted of 50 women and 5 men, all of whom met the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SSc (2). The median age was 50 years (range 18-78), and the median disease duration was 9 years (range 1-39).…”

Lyme borreliosis: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations and treatment

“…Sezonska distribucija ekstrakutanih manifestacija je manje izražena usled varijabilnog vremenskog perioda od infekcije do pojave oboljenja, koji je obično duži nego za erythema migrans (16). Kliničke manifestacije su iste kod dece i kod odraslih, osim meningopoliradikuloneuritisa i acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans koji se ne javljaju kod dece (kod dece se češće javlja multipli erythema migrans); učestalost različitih kliničkih manifestacija je više varijabilna kod dece različitih starosnih grupa nego kod odraslih (17)(18)(19).…”

“…U Severnoj Americi sve manifestacije lajmske borelioze, uključujući i lajmsku neuroboreliozu prouzrokuje B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, dok u Evropi lajmsku neuroboreliozu najčešće prouzrokuje B. garinii, ređe B. afzelii, i retko B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (17,18,33,37).…”