Ticks, Borrelia Burgdorferi and Lyme Disease

Bağcı, Işın Sinem; Ruzicka, Thomas

doi:10.4274/tdd.3038

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In our study, there were 21 early-phase Lb patients with the tick staying in the skin for only 10 hours or up to one day who developed changes in the central and peripheral nervous systems, which is in agreement with some authors, but also in contradiction with some others [2,3,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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The influence of early antibiotic therapy on the clinical manifestations in patients with early Lyme disease

et al. 2018

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Introduction/Objective Lyme borreliosis is a multisystem infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes transmitted by the bite of an infected tick. The disease manifestations are very different, with the skin, joints, heart, and nervous systems being most often affected. The aim of this study was to find out whether there are significant differences in the appearance of symptoms and signs of the disease between the subjects who did / did not receive prophylactic, early antibiotic therapy, after the tick bite in patients diagnosed with the early phase of Lyme borreliosis. Methods The study was carried out on 2,070 patients, who were treated or examined at the Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases in the 1989-2004 period. The patients were divided into group А (n = 591), in which they were given early antibiotic therapy, and group B (n = 1,479), in which they were not. The antibiotic therapy was used within five days of a tick bite in patients with a probable infection, who, at the time, did not have any symptoms or signs. The applied antibiotics included cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracyclines, semisynthetic penicillins, repeatedly for seven or 14 days, or benzathine benzylpenicillin once only. Results The disease developed in a statistically significantly larger number of patients who were not given early antibiotic therapy (537/1,479) than in those who received the therapy (10/951), i.e. the ratio was 36.3% vs. 1.7%. We concluded that only two antibiotics were sufficient for optimal prevention: doxycycline and ampicillin, administered for seven days. The applied antibiotics showed a high statistically significant efficacy, ranging from 93.7% (cephalosporins) to 99.4% (macrolides). Conclusion The application of early antibiotic therapy after a tick bite was effective in preventing the early phase of Lyme borreliosis, while in the case of infection it prevented the development of extracutaneous manifestations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Ixodes ricinus has been proved to be a vector in our country. The infection occurs after one to three days, and rarely within 24 hours, due to inappropriate tick removal [2,3]. The risk of developing Lyme disease after the bite of an infected tick is 1-4%, while asymptomatic infections range up to 26% in the endemic area [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of early antibiotic therapy on the clinical manifestations in patients with early Lyme disease

et al. 2018

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“…Largely due to the prevalence of infectious diseases and limitations to current medical sciences, vaccine fatigue may be difficult to avoid in certain circumstances. Our findings show that many antecedents of vaccine fatigue are rooted in flaws in vaccine sciences, such as adverse effects caused by vaccination ( 28 , 29 , 31 , 39 , 44 ), poor vaccine efficacy ( 21 , 22 , 49 ), as well as too many vaccination demands in a relatively short period of time ( 34 , 50 , 56 , 60 ). A study on people who received the BioNTech-Pfizer doses, for instance, found that 83.3% of the vaccine recipients experienced post-vaccination fatigue ( 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Mind the “Vaccine Fatigue”

Cheshmehzangi

McDonnell

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundOmicron scares and speculations are gaining momentum. Amid the nonstop debates and discussions about COVID-19 vaccines, the “vaccine fatigue” phenomenon may become more prevalent. However, to date, no research has systematically examined factors that shape people’s vaccine fatigue. To bridge the research gap, this study aims to investigate the antecedents that cause or catalyze people’s vaccine fatigue.MethodsA narrative literature review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO to identify factors that shape people’s vaccine fatigue. The search was completed on December 6, 2021, with a focus on scholarly literature published in English.ResultsA total of 37 articles were reviewed and analyzed. Vaccine fatigue was most frequently discussed in the context of infectious diseases in general at the pre-vaccination stage. Vaccine fatigue has been identified in the general public, the parents, and the doctors. Overall, a wide range of antecedents to vaccine fatigue has been identified, ranging from the frequency of immunization demands, vaccine side effects, misconceptions about the severity of the diseases and the need for vaccination, to lack of trust in the government and the media.ConclusionVaccine fatigue is people’s inertia or inaction towards vaccine information or instruction due to perceived burden and burnout. Our study found that while some contributors to vaccine fatigue are rooted in limitations of vaccine sciences and therefore can hardly be avoided, effective and empathetic vaccine communications hold great promise in eliminating preventable vaccine fatigue across sectors in society.

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