Clinical Immunotoxicity of Pesticides

Vial, Thierry; Nicolas, Brigitte; Descotes, Jacques

doi:10.1080/009841096161294

Cited by 108 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…anti-myelin, anti-smooth muscle etc.) in exposed groups (24), and the increased prevalence of autoimmune diabetes mellitus and high fasting serum glucose levels in Agent Orange sprayers among Vietnam veterans and in the cohort involved in the Seveso accident (25). The increased prevalence of thyroid antibodies in the present study might result from similar effects of PCBs and other organochlorines.…”

Section: European Journal Of Endocrinology (1998) 139mentioning

confidence: 52%

Increased thyroid volume and prevalence of thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls

Langer

Tajtáková

Fodor³

et al. 1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

101

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Objective: To evaluate whether long-term exposure to heavy environmental pollution with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) could result in impairment of thyroid status as evaluated by an epidemiological field survey. Methods: Thyroid volume (ThV) was measured by ultrasound in 238 employees of a factory (EMP) which previously produced PCBs and 454 adolescents from the surrounding area polluted by PCBs. Controls (C) were 572 adults and 965 adolescents from much less polluted areas. In the 238 EMP and various numbers (shown in parentheses) of adult C the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (n ¼ 498), thyroxine (n ¼ 498), thyroglobulin (n ¼ 278) and thyroid antibodies (anti-peroxidase (TPO Ab), n ¼ 517; anti-thyroglobulin (Tg Ab), n ¼ 455; anti-TSH receptor (TSHR Ab), n ¼ 238) were estimated in serum, while only TSH and TPO Ab were measured in 269 and 171 adolescents from polluted and control areas respectively. In several subjects in whom thyroid disease was suspected, total tri-iodothyronine or free thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine were measured. In a total of 362 adults and adolescents the urinary iodine was estimated. Results: Using the Mann-Whitney test, ThV in EMP (mean Ϯ S.E. ¼ 18.85 Ϯ 0.69 ml, median ¼ 17.3 ml, upper quartile ¼ 22.9 ml, n ¼ 238) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in C (13.47 Ϯ 0.48 ml, 11.5 ml, 15.3 ml, n ¼ 486 respectively). Similarly, ThV in adolescents from the polluted area (9.37 Ϯ 0.17 ml, 8.9 ml, 11.0 ml, n ¼ 454 respectively) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in C (8.07 Ϯ 0.10 ml, 7.6 ml, 9.6 ml, n ¼ 965 respectively).In adults, a significantly increased prevalence of TPO Ab (P<0.05) was found (using the chi-square test) in EMP women of all ages (54/190) vs C women (70/282), in EMP women aged 31-50 years (40/117 vs 70/282 respectively) and those aged 41-50 years (28/77 vs 54/215 respectively). Compared with C, there was also a higher prevalence of Tg Ab in EMP women aged 31-60 years (36/169 vs 50/342 respectively) and of TSHR Ab (P < 0.001) in the group of EMP men and women (25/238) vs sex-and age-matched C (6/238).No difference between EMP and C was found in the level of thyroxine (mean Ϯ S.D. ¼ 116.1 Ϯ 31.2 nmol/l, n ¼ 238 vs 112.2 Ϯ 37.0 nmol/l, n ¼ 460 respectively), TSH in the range 0.1-4.5 mU/l (1.56 Ϯ 0.86 mU/l, n ¼ 219 vs 1.51 Ϯ 0.84 mU/l, n ¼ 460 respectively), prevalence of TSH >4.5 (14/238 vs 28/498 respectively) and <0.1 mU/l (5/238 vs 10/498 respectively). The prevalence of individuals without any defined clinical or laboratory signs of thyroid disorders among EMP who had worked in the factory for 21-35 years (43/128, 33.6%) was significantly lower than that in twice as many matched C (118/256, 46.1%, P < 0.025) or in EMP who had worked for only 11-20 years (36/73, 49.3%, P < 0.05).In adolescents, no difference was found in the prevalence of TPO Ab or TSH >4.5 mU/l between the polluted (17/269, 6.3% and 2/243, 0.8% respectively) and C areas (15/171, 8.5% and 4/140, 2.8% respectively). The median values of urinary iodine were in the op...

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Section: European Journal Of Endocrinology (1998) 139mentioning

confidence: 52%

Increased thyroid volume and prevalence of thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls

Langer

Tajtáková

Fodor³

et al. 1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

101

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“…Researchers have reported strong correlations between animal exposure to pesticides or other environmental toxicants and suppression of immune responses to specific pathogenic challenge through anticholinergic and noncholinergic pathways, as well as other responses such as hypersensitivity and autoimmunity (Barnett & Rodgers 1994;Vial et al 1996;Voccia et al 1999). Histopathological changes in IS tissues and organs, pathologies at the cellular level, and alterations in lymphocyte population growth/function can also be attributed to pesticides exposure (Barnett & Rodgers 1994;Vial et al 1996;Voccia et al 1999). These effects caused by pesticides/environmental contaminants on the components and functions of the IS have been linked to immune compromise and reductions in disease resistance in exposed animals and humans (Vial et al 1996;Voccia et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histopathological changes in IS tissues and organs, pathologies at the cellular level, and alterations in lymphocyte population growth/function can also be attributed to pesticides exposure (Barnett & Rodgers 1994;Vial et al 1996;Voccia et al 1999). These effects caused by pesticides/environmental contaminants on the components and functions of the IS have been linked to immune compromise and reductions in disease resistance in exposed animals and humans (Vial et al 1996;Voccia et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total and differential white blood cell counts inCaiman latirostrisafterin ovoandin vivoexposure to insecticides

Latorre

Romito

Larriera

et al. 2016

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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Agricultural activities associated mainly with soybean crops affect the natural environment and wildlife by habitat destruction and the extensive use of agrochemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunotoxic effects of the insecticides cypermethrin (CYP) and endosulfan (END) in Caiman latirostris analyzing total blood cell count (TWBC) and differential white blood cell count (DWBC) after in ovo and in vivo exposure. Eggs (in ovo) and hatchlings (in vivo) from nests harvested in natural habitats were artificially incubated and reared under controlled conditions in the Proyecto Yacare (Gob.Santa Fe/MUPCN) facilities. Exposure of embryos was performed by topication on the eggshell during the first stage of development. The treatments were distilled water (negative control; NC), ethanol (vehicle control; VC), four groups treated with different concentrations of CYP and four groups with END. In vivo exposure was performed by immersion; treatments were NC, VC, two groups exposed to CYP and two to END. After embryonic exposure to the insecticides, no differences were found in TWBC or DWBC among the neonates exposed to pesticides versus controls. In the in vivo scenario, similar results were obtained for TWBC, but DWBC data showed differences between NC hatchlings and CYP-1 hosts for heterophil, lymphocyte and monocyte levels, and between NC and END-1 hosts for lymphocyte and monocyte levels. Research on the effects of pesticide exposure on this species is of special interest not only to assess the impact on caiman populations, but also to further characterize the species as a potential sentinel of ecosystem health. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Majority of studies dealing with clinical immunotoxicity of pesticides in humans involves immune status alterations in occupationally exposed workers, farmers and accidentally pesticide-exposed humans. The alterations mentioned were suggested to be associated with infectious complications (Vial et al 1996).…”

Section: Veterinary Immunotoxicology Of Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of biotransformation of pesticide residues induces pathological changes in the respective tissues. From the point of view of regulation of physiological processes, this refers to serious pathological changes in internal secretion glands, negative interferences with the genetic material and immunosuppressive effects (Medveì 1973(Medveì , 1974Paulov 1984;Cremlyn 1985;Ko‰utzk˘ 1988;Vial et al 1996). The most frequently observed practical consequences of chronic toxicity of pesticides in animals include sterility, embryotoxicity or even embryonic mortality, decreased vitality of offspring, total decrease in productivity and resistance of adults, and so on.…”

Section: Use Of Pesticides In Sr and Negative Consequences Of Their Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxicology and Veterinary Medicine (Review Article)

Kacmar¹,

Pistl²,

Mikula³

1999

Acta Vet. Brno

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Kaãmár P., J. Pistl, I. Mikula: Immunotoxicology and Veterinary Medicine. Acta Vet. Brno, 1999, 68: 57-79. Immunotoxicology investigates unwanted adverse effects of xenobiotics (pesticides, heavy metals from emissions, new DNA-recombinant products, immune response modulators, monoclonal antibodies, drugs and others) on the immune system of man and animals. Immunotoxicology in veterinary medicine deals mostly with the problems of dominant ecological toxicants, such as pesticides. Therefore, the veterinary immunotoxicology can be referred to as ecoimmunotoxicology. DNA-recombinant biopreparations and drugs are also important in this respect. Interactions of various xenobiotics with live organisms pose diverse immunological problems. The present study emphasizes that the assessment of immunotoxicological risk arising from xenogenous substances demands the development of new and more exact immunotoxical testing methods. Moreover, the thorough evaluation of the immunotoxic effect of a respective xenobiotic should be supported by a complex set of tests rather than limited number of them. The extent of functional and non-functional immunity tests should be determined on the basis of knowledge about the mechanism of the toxic effects of xenobiotics in animals. This knowledge can be supplied by biochemistry, toxicology, pharmacology and histopathology (histochemistry and immunohistochemistry). The up-to-date knowledge about immunosuppressive effects of pesticides and their possible interference with the genetic material of live organisms indicates that it is necessary to restrict gradually the extensive use of a broad spectrum of pesticides through accentuated application of scientifically justified agrotechnical procedures and the use of transgenic plants developed by molecular genetic methods. To minimize the immunotoxic risk of pesticides to farm animals and free-living animals a system of appropriate undergraduate and graduate education should be developed. This is a long-term process that can obviously be realised by establishing a joint scientific branch of toxicology and pharmacology within the veterinary medicine. A thorough study of mechanisms of immunotoxicity and immunopharmacology of various agents can result in the production of safer protective agrochemicals and more effective drugs. Immunotoxicology, immunotoxicants, pesticides, immunosuppression, ecoimmunotoxicology, immunotoxicological testsThe initial studies of the susceptibility of the immune system and its possible use for detection of subclinical toxic states were published in the seventies and early eighties (Vos and van Genderen 1973;Vos 1977;Loose et al. 1978;Faith et al. 1980) when the attention began to focus on the immune system as an important object of toxic action, particularly in connexion with the experiments on rodents. The susceptibility of the immune system to toxic damage can result from several factors. Host resistance to infectious agents and spontaneous neoplasms depends on immunocompetent cells which are subject to cont...

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Clinical Immunotoxicity of Pesticides

Cited by 108 publications

References 37 publications

Increased thyroid volume and prevalence of thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls

Increased thyroid volume and prevalence of thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls

Total and differential white blood cell counts inCaiman latirostrisafterin ovoandin vivoexposure to insecticides

Immunotoxicology and Veterinary Medicine (Review Article)

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