CLINICAL, IMAGING, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF <i>GURLTIA PARALYSANS</i> MYELOPATHY IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM CHILE

Mieres, Marcelo; Gómez, Marcelo; Lillo, C.; Rojas, Marcela A.; Moroni, Manuel; Muñoz, Pamela; Acosta‐Jamett, Gerardo; Wiegand, Ricardo

doi:10.1111/vru.12026

Cited by 13 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is a neurotropic metastrongylid nematode of domestic cats that is mainly found in the veins of the spinal cord subarachnoid space and parenchyma (Bowman et al, 2002). The parasite causes neurological pathologies, usually invades the leptomeningeal vasculature, causing diffuse meningomyelitis and thrombophlebitis (Bowman et al, 2002;Gomez et al, 2010;Mieres et al, 2013). Moroni et al (2012) cited G. paralysans as a rare parasite, and provided new information on associated clinical and pathological findings in naturally infected domestic cats from southern Chile, where three cases of neurological diseases were reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First ocular report of Gurltia paralysans (Wolffhügel, 1933) in cat

Udiz-Rodríguez¹,

García-Livia

Valladares-Salmerón³

et al. 2018

Veterinary Parasitology

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A two-year-old cat from Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain), presented with two months history of uveitis in the left eye. It had been treated for two months but still showed an active uveitis. After new treatment, eye examination showed a mobile worm in the anterior chamber. Following surgical removal, the worm was obtained. Morphological study revealed that it was a male metastrongyloid nematode (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) with caudal bursa and two similar spicules. Molecular tools based on the 18Sr RNA gene sequence identified the parasite as Gurltia paralysans, which is a neurotropic nematode previously found in South America. Therefore, this article describes the first report of ophthalmic case of parasitism by G. paralysans, and cites for first time this species out of South America.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the exact life cycle and epidemiology of the parasite remains unclear (Moroni et al, 2012). Co-infection with A. abstrusus has been also reported by Mieres et al (2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First ocular report of Gurltia paralysans (Wolffhügel, 1933) in cat

Udiz-Rodríguez¹,

García-Livia

Valladares-Salmerón³

et al. 2018

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Other clinical signs associated with this parasitism include pelvic limb ataxia, pelvic limb proprioceptive deficits, pelvic limb tremors, pelvic limb muscle atrophy, tail trembling, tail atony, and faecal and urinary incontinence (Gómez and others 2010, 2011, Alzate and others 2011, Guerrero and others 2011, Moroni and others 2012, Mieres and others 2013, Togni and others 2013). The duration of clinical signs usually ranges from 2 weeks to 48 months (Gómez and others 2010, Mieres and others 2013, Togni and others 2013). Neurological signs are typically associated with the neuroanatomical lesions observed in the postmortem examination and histopathological specimens (Mieres and others 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No lesions associated with the brain, spinal nerves or peripheral nerves have been reported (Mieres and others 2013, Togni and others 2013). Parasites collected from congestive spinal veins at the affected spinal cord segments were identified as G paralysans .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe myelopathy with thrombophlebitis caused by Gurltia paralysans infection in a cat

Moroni

Muñoz

Mieres

et al. 2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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Gurltia paralysans is an uncommon neuroparasite that affects domestic cats in South America. The authors herein report a case of an adult male domestic cat with a three-month history of progressive hindlimb paralysis. Neuroanatomical evaluation indicated compromise of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spinal cord segments. An authorised euthanasia was performed because of the guarded prognosis. Postmortem examination findings included leptomeningeal vein congestion and varicose veins, especially in the T9–T13 spinal cord segments. One male and 11 female adult G paralysans nematodes were recovered from the spinal subarachnoid veins of the affected areas. Histopathological examination revealed dilatation and congestion of several leptomeningeal vessels and parasitic eggs within both nematodes and intravenous thrombi. Several mononuclear inflammatory cells surrounded a mineralised section of nematodes in the meningeal space. Feline gurltiosis should be considered as an important differential diagnosis in cats with neurological signs secondary to thoracolumbar and/or lumbosacral spinal cord lesions.

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“…O diagnóstico de gurltiose felina foi realizado através dos achados epidemiológicos, clínicos, lesões macroscópicas e microscópicas características localizadas principalmente na medula espinhal, associada a parasitos intravasculares, visualizados em veias e vênulas das leptomeninges, morfologicamente compatíveis com o nematódeo metastrongilídeo Gurltia paralysans [12]. Anteriormente, acreditava-se que o nematódeo adulto do G. paralysans era restrito a veias das leptomeninges em segmentos da medula espinhal [11,12], no entanto, descrições recentes da infecção demonstraram a presença de parasitos em veias profundas e também no parênquima da medula espinhal [4,6,7]. O nematódeo possui tropismo neurovascular provocando lesões principalmente na região lombossacra, resultando secundariamente em compressão da substância branca adjacente as meninges [7,10], sendo apontados como responsáveis por mielopatias graves nos animais afetados.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Gurltia paralysans Infection in Domestic Cats in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Neto

Silva

Alves

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:The Gurltia paralysans nematode was initially described in Chile and for many years it was believed that the disease caused by this parasite was restricted to this country. However, in Argentina, Uruguay and more recently in Brazil, among other countries, cases of Gurltiosis have been described in both domestic and wild cats. This disease is chronic and debilitating due to the progressive paralysis developed. This study aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of G. paralysans infection in domestic cats of the Agreste region of the state of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Case: Clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of G. paralysans infection in domestic cats in the rural area of two Agreste municipalities in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, are described. Seven farms were visited, in which 11 male and female affected felines were evaluated. Among these, euthanasia was performed in four cases, at the owners' request and due to the advanced stage of the disease. Clinical signs began with ataxia of the pelvic limbs and evolved to jumping difficulty, lateral falls, muscle atrophy, pelvic limb scarring, and paralysis at the most severe stage of the disease, which developed in a one-year period, approximately. According to the owners, the affected cats died between six months and one year after the initial clinical signs. At necropsy, there were segments of the spinal cord with extensive reddish areas in the dura, between T7 and S2, corresponding to varices. These were characterized by numerous congestive, dilated and tortuous blood vessels observed in the dorsal plane, but more pronounced in the ventral plane of the meninges. In the bladder, multifocal areas of hemorrhage were observed. Histologically, vascular lesions in veins and venules of the leptomeninges were characterized by venous varices with thrombosis, fibrosis and intravascular parasites associated with moderate, chronic non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis and Wallerian degeneration. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were more pronounced in the lumbar region of the spinal cord. Discrete lesions similar to those found in the spinal cord were observed in the encephalon. Feline gurltiosis was confirmed by epidemiological, clinical and spinal cord lesions, associated with the presence of intravascular parasites in veins and venules of the leptomeninges. The identification of Gurltia paralysans was concluded due to the characteristic morphology of the parasite in the vessels. Discussion: The diagnosis of Gurltiosis can be performed by clinical-epidemiological findings and histopathological evaluation of the nervous system demonstrating the parasite inside the vessels. The parasite has affinity for the nervous tissue, especially the lumbar spinal cord, in which it can be found in the nervous parenchyma and not only in the veins as previously believed. The chronicity of the disease can be affirmed by clinical signs, secondary lesions, such as cystitis, and the evolution of the condition. The stasis of b...

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CLINICAL, IMAGING, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GURLTIA PARALYSANS MYELOPATHY IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM CHILE

Cited by 13 publications

References 19 publications

First ocular report of Gurltia paralysans (Wolffhügel, 1933) in cat

First ocular report of Gurltia paralysans (Wolffhügel, 1933) in cat

Severe myelopathy with thrombophlebitis caused by Gurltia paralysans infection in a cat

Gurltia paralysans Infection in Domestic Cats in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

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