Clinical, haematological and blood biochemical changes in goats after experimental infection with tick-borne fever

Miert, A. S. J. P. A. M. van; Duin, C. T. M. van; Schotman, A. J. H.; Franssen, Frits

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(84)90040-2

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, the pathogenic potentials of ruminant strains from Europe and North America appear to differ dramatically. Tick-borne fever in Europe is a well-documented disease of sheep, cattle, and goats characterized by an acute febrile illness, with mortality rates as high as 30% in lamb herds (2,(12)(13)(14). In contrast, our experimental Ap-Variant 1 infections of goats caused few apparent clinical symptoms.…”

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confidence: 81%

Reservoir Competency of Goats for the Ap-Variant 1 Strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum

2006

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confidence: 81%

Reservoir Competency of Goats for the Ap-Variant 1 Strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum

2006

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“…This rickettsia invades neutrophils and to a lesser degree monocytes. The disease is characterised by high fever, dullness, anorexia, tachycardia, a moderate inhibition of forestomach motility, a marked decline in both plasma zinc and iron concentrations, and other haematological and blood biochemical changes (12). In the control experiments, chloramphenicol was rapidly conjugated with glucuronic acid, whereas during fever this major metabolite could not be detected (2).…”

Section: And Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonellosis in veal calves. Some therapeutic aspects

Groothuis

Miert

1987

Veterinary Quarterly

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SUMMARY The present investigation was undertaken to improve regimens dosage of amoxycillin, chloramphenicol or trimethoprim-sulphadiazine in Salmonella dublin infected veal calves. The pharmacokinetics of these drugs were studied after i.v., oral, andi. m. administration (bioavailability, local irritation at the injection site, volume of distribution, and elimination half life). The most important conclusion was that amoxycillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim were suitable for oral administration th veal calves, although the bioavailability of chloramphenicol and trimethoprim was significantly less when concurrently administered with a milk replacer. In vitro, the antibacterial activities of these drugs were compared. Addition of trimethoprim to sulphadiazine lowered its MIC for S. dublin, but sulphadiazine reduced the killing rate compared to that of trimethoprim alone. In the efficacy studies the activities of several serum enzymes and the plasma concentrations of Fe, Zn, and Cu were measured, but it appeared, that these biochemical parameters were no better than the clinical parameters body temperature and body weight. Using optimal dosage regimens based on MIC values and blood levels, treatment with either of the three drugs was of equal efficacy.

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“…Blood samples ( 2 ml) were collected by caudal puncture of the uena jugularis before infection, immediately before treatment and 12 and 24 h after treatment. Rectal temperature, total white blood cell counts (WBC), parasitaemia and serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), used as parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of the drugs, were determined using methods described previously (van Miert et al, 1982;van Miert et al, 1984). T h e mean physiological value for ALP activity in these goats (n = 10) was 830 IU/I (range 233-1760); control WBC counts were 13.0 k 1.3…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some pharmacokinetic data of aditoprim and trimethoprim in healthy and tick‐borne fever infected dwarf goats

Knoppert¹,

Nijmeijer²,

Duin³

et al. 1988

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Aditoprim (AP) is a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, which is structurally related to trimethoprim (TMP). The pharmacokinetics of AP (10 mg/kg) and TMP (20 mg/kg) were assessed in healthy dwarf goats. Therapeutic efficacy against rickettsial infections was tested in tick-borne fever (TBF) infected goats. The animals were given TMP (n = 5) or AP (n = 5) by i.v. injection, and subsequently the drugs were administered orally (same groups, similar doses). Finally, both groups were infected with TBF and the i.v. experiment was repeated. Plasma concentration-time curves for both drugs followed first-order two-compartment decay. For TMP, mean t1/2 beta +/- SEM (h) was 0.84 +/- 0.06 (i.v. control) and 0.90 +/- 0.06 (i.v. infected), respectively, whereas for AP values of 8.00 +/- 0.31 (i.v. control) and 10.28 +/- 0.67 (i.v. infected) were obtained (P less than 0.05). Mean Vd beta +/- SEM values (l/kg) were 3.84 +/- 0.27 (i.v. control) and 4.07 +/- 0.85 (i.v. infected) for TMP (NS) and 7.02 +/- 0.63 vs 9.29 +/- 0.21 (P less than 0.05) for AP. After i.v. injection, rumen fluid concentrations of AP were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher and more persistent than those of TMP. For AP, the plasma and rumen fluid concentrations at 3 h were 1.20 +/- 0.06 micrograms/ml and 0.85 +/- 0.17 microgram/ml, respectively. After oral administration of TMP, Cmax in plasma was 0.12 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml and the maximum was reached after 1.2 +/- 0.16 h; systemic bioavailability (F) was 10.3% (relative to AUC i.v.). Oral treatment with AP resulted in a Cmax value of 0.21 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml with Tmax of 22.5 +/- 1.65 h and a F value of 71%. Based on WBC, serum ALP and rectal temperature responses, it was concluded that both TMP and AP were inactive against Ehrlichia phagocytophila.

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Clinical, haematological and blood biochemical changes in goats after experimental infection with tick-borne fever

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Reservoir Competency of Goats for the Ap-Variant 1 Strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Reservoir Competency of Goats for the Ap-Variant 1 Strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Salmonellosis in veal calves. Some therapeutic aspects

Some pharmacokinetic data of aditoprim and trimethoprim in healthy and tick‐borne fever infected dwarf goats

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