Clinical findings in early onset cone‐rod dystrophy in the Standard Wire‐haired Dachshund

Abstract

Presence of pin-point sized pupils in young SWHDs was found to be an important indicator of early onset crd. Fundoscopic changes and progression of disease at later stages resembled those previously described in the majority of progressive retinal atrophies in dog. ERG was found to be the most reliable diagnostic procedure to clinically diagnose crd in the SWHD.

Persistent papillary membrane in Wistar laboratory rats ( Rattus Norvegicus, Albinus Variation, Wistar )

“…Among laboratory animals, PPM has been reported to occur in rats (YOUNG et al, 1974), mice, hamsters, Beagle dogs (TARADACH & GREAVES, 1984), and rabbits (BOILLOT et al, 2015). This condition has also been reported in several dog breeds including Basenji (ROBERTS & BISTNER, 1968;MITCHELL, 2011), Poodle (ARNBJERG, 1980, Doberman Pinscher (BARTOE et al, 2007), English Cocker Spaniel (STRANDE et al, 1988;MITCHELL, 2011) (ROPSTAD et al, 2007). It has also been reported in cats (ALARIO et al, 2013), horses (PINARD & BASRUR, 2011), monkeys (BUREK et al, 1974, North American Beavers (CULLEN, 2003), snow leopards (SCHÄFFER et al, 1988), chinchillas (MÜLLER & EULE, 2014), kangaroos (SUEDMEYER et al, 2013), bats (BLACKWOOD et al, 2010), andllamas (GIONFRIDDO, 2013).…”

“…These sheets can be pigmented or not. They usually do not hinder pupillary activity (GONZÁLEZ ALONSO-ALEGRE & RODRÍGUEZ, 1997); however, if extensive, they can alter the pupillary kinetics (ROPSTAD et al, 2007). The aim of this research was to evaluate the presence of PPM in rats.…”

Genetics of eye disorders in the dog.

“…The gene product's precise role is not currently understood but it is thought to anchor regulatory complexes at the photoreceptor connecting cilium, which acts as a bridge between the inner and outer segments of photoreceptor cells [43] as well as having functions in disk morphogenesis [42] and in the structure of the ciliary axoneme [44]. RPGRIP1 also interacts with NPHP4, a gene that has been associated with a genetically distinct form of early-onset CRD segregating in the standard wire-haired variety of Dachshund [45][46][47][48][49]. Within the research colony of MLHDs there was complete correlation between the RPGRIP1 genotype and phenotype of the dogs with respect to their CORD1 phenotype whereas in the pet MLHD population this was not the case [50].…”

Electroretinographic findings in the Standard Wire Haired Dachshund with inherited early onset cone–rod dystrophy

“…The control dogs were privately owned SWHDs with no history of visual deficits. The results of clinical studies in affected dogs of the colony have recently been described [16]. In short, there was a great variation in age of onset and development of clinical signs in the CRD affected SWHDs.…”

“…The disorder is characterized by a predominant loss of cone function, with relative preservation of the rod function [14,15]. The Standard Wire Haired Dachshund (SWHD), the Miniature Long Haired Dachshund (MLDH) and the Pit Bull Terrier (PBT) are the only dog breeds described in the literature to be affected with CRD [16,17] to date. There is one report on single standing cases of CRD in other dog breeds and in mongrels [18].…”