Clinical features of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: an oral pathologist’s perspective

Netto, Juliana De Noronha Santos; Pires, Fábio Ramôa; Costa, Karen Hurtado Andrade; Fischer, Ricardo Guimarães

doi:10.1590/0103-6440202204426

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Removal of amalgam fillings must be followed by a close 2-week follow-up, after which OLLs must be surgically removed (with a histopathological evaluation) if they do not heal or improve significantly. However, histopathological examination does not allow for distinguishing between oral lichen planus and OLLs as the two entities share the same pathological aspects [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lingual Lichenoid Lesion Due to Dental Amalgam Fillings: Case Report and Clinical Considerations

et al. 2022

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Oral white lesions are quite common clinical conditions in clinical dental practice. They can be an expression of different diseases, so it is crucial to achieve a correct diagnosis to start an adequate treatment. However, differential diagnosis is not always easy because the clinical appearance of oral white lesions is often similar and non-pathognomonic. We report on a 42-year-old Caucasian woman who complained of a chronic white patch on the left border of her tongue. A provisional diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia was made, but the patient was HIV-negative and not immunocompromised. A patch test was performed to exclude an allergic reaction, which resulted negative. Two large amalgam fillings were removed, and the lesion regressed after two weeks, suggesting a diagnosis of oral lichenoid lesions. Amalgam-associated oral lichenoid lesions could be mistaken for hairy leukoplakia when located on the lateral border of the tongue. Patch tests for dental metal series are only sometimes helpful for a diagnosis of oral lichenoid lesions. Patients should follow a careful follow-up to monitor any neoplastic derailment of the lichenoid lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lingual Lichenoid Lesion Due to Dental Amalgam Fillings: Case Report and Clinical Considerations

et al. 2022

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“…These lesions often manifest as white patches or plaques with or without surrounding erythema and can occur bilaterally on the buccal mucosa, tongue, gingiva, or palate. Histologically, oral lichenoid displays features resembling OLP but may exhibit more pronounced inflammation, damage to the basal cell layer, and neoplastic potential, along with the presence of Civatte bodies [37].…”

Section: Olp: Epidemiology and Clinical Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in the Development and Progression of Oral Lichen Planus

Lavoro,

Cultrera,

Gattuso

et al. 2024

JPM

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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the oral cavity with malignant potential affecting 1.01% of the worldwide population. The clinical patterns of this oral disorder, characterized by relapses and remissions of the lesions, appear on buccal, lingual, gingival, and labial mucosa causing a significant reduction in the quality of life. Currently, there are no specific treatments for this disease, and the available therapies with topical and systemic corticosteroids only reduce symptoms. Although the etiopathogenesis of this pathological condition has not been completely understood yet, several exogenous and endogenous risk factors have been proposed over the years. The present review article summarized the underlying mechanisms of action involved in the onset of OLP and the most well-known triggering factors. According to the current data, oral microbiota dysbiosis could represent a potential diagnostic biomarker for OLP. However, further studies should be undertaken to validate their use in clinical practice, as well as to provide a better understanding of mechanisms of action and develop novel effective intervention strategies against OLP.

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“…Symptoms are particularly pronounced when consuming hot or spicy foods, leading to difficulties in chewing, swallowing, and speaking. Over time, red or white patches appear on the oral mucosa, which gradually progress to erosions and ulcers, intensifying the symptoms and causing higher levels of anxiety, depression, and a reduced quality of life [1,3,14,16,26].…”

Section: Authors' Orcid Idsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can also occur, though less frequently, on the tongue, gums, and lip mucosa. The bullous form is typically associated with the reticular form [3,6,8,10,13,16,20,[26][27][28].…”

Section: Authors' Orcid Idsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OLP lesions are typically multiple, bilateral (less commonly unilateral), more or less symmetrical, and can appear solitarily or simultaneously in various combinations, involving the oral mucosa (60-70% of cases), the dorsal surface of the tongue, gums, lower lip mucosa, and palate. According to the results of several studies, the first three locations, which are prone to trauma, are the most common (80-90% of cases), while the floor of the mouth, hard palate, and lip mucosa are rarely affected [2,3,8,10,20,26,28,30].…”

Section: Authors' Orcid Idsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral lichen planus – an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) of the oral cavity

Ivasiuc,

Melnic,

Costea

et al. 2024

MJHS

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Introduction. Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by recurrent lesions, presenting as reticular lesions, sometimes accompanied by atrophic, erosive, and/or ulcerative areas. Despite being one of the most common conditions affecting the oral mucosa, oral lichen planus remains an ailment with undefined etiology and unclear pathogenesis, imprecise management, and uncertain premalignant potential. Materials and methods. A narrative literature review study was conducted. A bibliographic search was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Hinari, SpringerLink, the National Center of Biotechnology Information, and Medline. Articles published from 1990 to 2023 were selected using various combinations of keywords: “oral lichen planus,” and “epidemiology,” “etiology,” “pathogenesis,” “symptoms,” “management,” “histopathology,” and “malignant transformation.” After processing the data from these databases, 475 full articles were found. The final bibliography comprised 50 relevant sources, considered representative of the materials published on the topic of this synthesis article. Results. Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory condition associated with T-cell-mediated immune dysfunction. Triggers include autoimmune responses to local antigens, microorganisms, and stress. The disease results from a complex interplay of host factors, lifestyle, and environmental factors leading to T-cell-mediated immune dysregulation. Diagnosis of oral lichen planus is based on clinical features (multiple, bilateral, symmetrically distributed lesions, occurring most commonly on the buccal mucosa, dorsal tongue surface, and gingiva), histopathological findings (predominantly lymphocytic bandlike infiltrate in the lamina propria, presence of apoptotic cells in the basal cell layer, absence of epithelial dysplasia), and immune-related changes (deposition of fibrinogen along the basement membrane zone, presence of granular fluorescent deposits containing IgA, IgG, and IgM in colloid bodies). Conclusions. Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition mediated by T-cells in response to various extrinsic antigens, modified autoantigens, or superantigens, with periods of remission and relapse and the potential for malignant transformation. The etiology and pathogenesis of this condition are complex, diagnosis relies on clinical features, histopathological findings, and immunological data, patient treatment is symptomatic, and the potential for malignant transformation varies. Nevertheless, prospective studies with large sample sizes, adequate treatment duration, and long-term follow-up are needed.

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Clinical features of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: an oral pathologist’s perspective

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Lingual Lichenoid Lesion Due to Dental Amalgam Fillings: Case Report and Clinical Considerations

Lingual Lichenoid Lesion Due to Dental Amalgam Fillings: Case Report and Clinical Considerations

Role of Oral Microbiota Dysbiosis in the Development and Progression of Oral Lichen Planus

Oral lichen planus – an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) of the oral cavity

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