Nuclear medicine at the Hammersmith Hospital was established as a separate unit by Peter Lavender in the early seventies. It was called the Radioisotope Unit to distinguish it from the pre-existing Department of Medical Physics, headed by Harold Glass who was one of the early pioneers in medical radioisotope scanners [ 1 ]. As well as providing a clinical service, the unit, which only comprised two rooms, was active in clinical research complemented by the extensive academic activities of the MRC Cyclotron Unit. Two good examples of these activities that launched nuclear medicine at Hammersmith are fi rstly the development by Clark, Watson Fazio and Jones of Kr-81m for ventilation and perfusion studies [ 2 ], and secondly, cell labelling.Kr-81m is a 13 s half-life radionuclide that is the metastable daughter of Rb-81, which has a half-life of 4.7 h. To obtain Kr-81m gas, oxygen is passed through the generator. There was an enthusiastic response to the generator across the UK, and, at one point, Kr-81m/Tc-99m ventilation/perfusion imaging was the second most frequently performed imaging procedure in the UK after bone scanning. Whilst Kr-81m remains the optimal ventilation agent for lung scanning, it is not so widely appreciated that Lavender and his colleagues also administered Kr-81 in solution to measure tissue perfusion. To obtain Kr-81m in solution, isotonic glucose is passed through the generator. For example, Harvey-Turner and Selwyn infused Kr-81m into the aortic root of dogs and continuously imaged regional changes in myocardial perfusion in response to transient coronary artery occlusion [ 3 ]. The distribution of pulmonary blood fl ow in humans was also imaged by continuous intravenous infusion [ 4 ]. Kr-81m was given both by inhalation and infusion to study ventilationperfusion ratios and regional lung function in adults [ 4 , 5 ] and children [ 6 ], When combined with the longer half-life Kr-85 (a lung gas volume marker), regional lung