Clinical Evaluation of Intravascular Blood Irradiation with Laser, Photobiomodulation, and Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Patients with Mucositis

Disinfection Potential of 980 nm Diode Laser and Hydrogen Peroxide (3%) in “Critical Probing Depths” Periodontal Pockets: Retrospective Study

“…This can be explained by the fact that H 2 O 2 reacts slowly with biological materials in the absence of catalysts, such as the transition metal cations copper (CU 2+ ), and that some biological properties and interactions between the pathogens can help resisting the antimicrobial effect of the H 2 O 2 [35]. This speculated reduction in TBC obtained after combining 3% hydrogen peroxide and the 980 nm diode laser can be explained by the fact that the light of the laser can enhance the activity of H 2 O 2 by prolonging the lethal oxidative damage of H 2 O 2 , which will result in the activation of a stronger bactericidal effect [16][17][18]20]. Therefore, the generation of reactive oxygen species following the collapse of the cavitation bubbles might be attributed to a much better antibacterial medium in the gingival tissue, which enhances the efficiency of the disinfection of the colonized root surfaces [16][17][18]20].…”

“…On the other hand, H 2 O 2 is a potent antimicrobial solution that covers a broad spectrum of actions, including activity against bacterial spores and viruses [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Its effectiveness has been attributed to the physical effect of the stream of H 2 O 2 and to the bubbling of the oxygen as it is released from the peroxide [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Hydroxyl radicals are considered powerful oxidizing agents that can cause lethal oxidative injuries to some bacteria [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…While SRP can offer mechanical debridement by direct contact of both hard and soft tissue, the use of a light source such as a laser as an additional tool can offer a deeper penetration of the energy which may eradicate more pathogens [ 16 ]. In this context, one of the promising additional approaches used with non-surgical and surgical mechanical debridement is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. aPDT is a form of phototherapy involving light and a photosensitizing chemical substance to elicit phototoxicity.…”

“…aPDT includes two components: a photosensitizer and a light source. The light will activate the photosensitizer which will generate reactive oxygen species that are responsible for the antimicrobial property of the PDT [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. However, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), in opposition to classic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is believed to offer higher bioavailability and deeper penetration in biofilms as well as in the scarce interference [ 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

“…aPDT today presents a broad range of applications in odontology. For instance, aPDT was suggested as a promising approach for the management of leukoplakia and pre-neoplastic lesions of the oral cavity [ 16 ], for the management of oral complications due to cancer therapy [ 17 ], for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity associated to exposed dentin [ 18 ] and for the management of halitosis [ 19 ]. These are among the indications that can be found in the literature about the possible benefits of aPDT in dentistry.…”