Clinical evaluation of group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines in infants.

Abstract

A B S T R A C T GroupApproximately 90% of 3-mo-old and 100% of 7-and 12-mlo-old infants had detectable antibody responses to primary immunization with C vaccine. The 100-iug dose appeared to be optimal, resulting in geometric mean anti-C concentrations of 0.49, 1.55, and 2.64 Mug/iln in 3-, 7-, and 12-mo-old infants, respectively. Significalnt booster responses were not observed with C vaccine. Indeed, except for the 10-,ug dose, booster injections of C vaccine in 7-and 12-mo-old ilnfants resulted in lower anti-C concentrations than did primary immunizations.

Tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine is immunogenic in adult allogeneic BMT recipients

“…In healthy infants Men A PS vaccine has induced significant increases in the GMCs of anti-Men A PS already from 7 months of age and Men C PS vaccine as early as at 3 months of age. 6,35 However, the responses have only been about 2% of those in adults. Group A and C protein conjugate vaccines have been tested in clinical trials and they have proven immunogenic even in infants and children.…”

“…In 1996 in England and Wales 40% of the Men disease cases were caused by serogroup C, 4 and in Finland 13% of 54 cases of the invasive meningococcal diseases in 1998 were of serogroup C. 5 Although Men vaccines containing Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A and C polysaccharides (PS) have been available for a long time, their routine use has not been recommended, since the vaccines have been poorly immunogenic in infants and toddlers and the immune response to serogroup C has been short-lived in young children. [6][7][8][9] For group B there is no polysaccharide vaccine available due to its poor immunogenicity even in adults.Allogeneic BMT recipients are immunodeficient for months to years after transplantation. [10][11][12][13] The ability to respond to PS antigens matures slowly after BMT, and the responses to vaccinations with pneumococcal PS and Haemophilus influenzae type b PS vaccines have been poor [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and the ability of pneumococcal PS vaccine to prevent infections limited.…”

“…In 1996 in England and Wales 40% of the Men disease cases were caused by serogroup C, 4 and in Finland 13% of 54 cases of the invasive meningococcal diseases in 1998 were of serogroup C. 5 Although Men vaccines containing Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A and C polysaccharides (PS) have been available for a long time, their routine use has not been recommended, since the vaccines have been poorly immunogenic in infants and toddlers and the immune response to serogroup C has been short-lived in young children. [6][7][8][9] For group B there is no polysaccharide vaccine available due to its poor immunogenicity even in adults.…”

An Overview of History, Evolution, and Manufacturing of Various Generations of Vaccines

“…Polysaccharide antigens are large molecules with repetitive epitopes, and antigen presenting cells are not enable to process them, thus the antibody response occurs without the participation of T cells against them and causes a rise of antibody response at a small dose and short-time period (38)(39)(40). These responses were not able to make immune memory and affinity maturation for these kinds of infections (41).…”

Desenvolvimento e avaliação da resposta imune humoral de uma vacina anti-pneumocócica conjugada: polissacarídeo capsular sorotipo 14 - proteína de superfície pneumocócica A.

“…As subclasses IgG1 e IgG3 humanas são as predominantes na resposta determinada por antígenos protéicos, enquanto a subclasse IgG2 humana predomina na resposta contra antígenos polissacarídicos (ver Tabelas 3 e 4) (ALONSO DE VELASCO et al, 1995b;BUCKLEY, 1998;FERRANTE et al, 1990;PASTORINO;JACOB;GRUMACH, 1994;GONZÁLEZ-FERNÁNDEZ;FARO;FERNÁNDEZ, 2008 …”