Clinical evaluation of Deferasirox for removal of cadmium ions in rat

Abstract

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the ability of Deferasirox (ICL670 or Exjade) following the distribution of cadmium salt in male Wistar rats. Cadmium was introduced to several groups of weanling male Wistar rats through different means, by act of drinking, feeding. A control group was fed on a diet containing normal level of iron. After a period of 30 days, all the rats administered cadmium were severely anemic and showed toxicity symptoms through loss of hair and increasing in cadmium and reduction in iron levels in blood. Chelation therapy was carried out to remove the toxic element from the body. The ability of Deferasirox chelator in removing cadmium was investigated this chelator for 1 week to the remaining rats of similar groups. The results showed that the cadmium level present in blood was significantly reduced and at the same time, iron concentration returned to the normal level. It was concluded that Deferasirox chelator is able to remove cadmium from the body and could be used for the treatment of complications and eradication of symptoms of cadmium intoxication.

The Effect of Mercury in Iron Metabolism in Rats

“…In our previous experiments on rats we investigate the chelation potency of Deferasirox given to animals after cadmium and thallium loading. Our results showed that cadmium and thallium concentrations increase in blood serum after their administration while the iron level decreases, therefore it can cause iron deficiency anemia [4,5]. Anemia is a pathologic process in which the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in red blood cells is abnormally low.…”

“…Also at the end of this step, some hematological indices such as Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in red blood cells, serum iron concentration, Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), serum mercury concentration and etc. were determined [4,5].…”

“…and to remove undesirable metal ions [4,5,[8][9][10][11]. Recently in chelation therapy, many candidate compounds have been screened in animal models [11].…”

Effects of Cadmium and Monensin on Spleen of Mice, Subjected to Subacute Cadmium Intoxication

“…Different compounds were tested in animal models as antagonists of Cd, but information regarding their effects on Cd-induced alterations in spleen function is still sparse (Blanuša et al, 2005;Nemmiche et al, 2007;Luchese at al., 2007;Gong at al., 2008;Shukla and Kumar, 2009;Manna et al, 2009;Fouad at al., 2009;Sinha et al, 2009;Flora and Pachauri, 2010;Chlebda et al, 2010;Saljooghi and Fatemi, 2010;Sinicropi et al, 2010). Our recent studies demonstrated that monensin (a polyether…”

Zinc and multi-mineral supplementation should mitigate the pathogenic impact of cadmium exposure

“…This conclusion might be more convincing if they had administered the DMSA a number of months following Cd exposure, so that the Cd in the mice had had time to be fully sequestered in the intracellular pools (largely metallothioneinbound) where most Cd is found during chronic low-level exposure. In any case, it would probably be appropriate to conduct clinical studies to assess whether prolonged oral protocols of DMSA (or perhaps other orally administrable agents capable of chelating Cd [102]) might have a worthwhile impact on Cd body burden in patients with excessive Cd levels. Certain ester derivatives of DMSA (such as the monoisoamyl ester) have greater cell permeability, and can promote excretion of metallothionein-bound Cd in mice [103,104]; unfortunately, these agents have never been approved for clinical use, and may have more toxic potential than well-tolerated DMSA [105].…”