Clinical endodontic procedures modulate periapical cytokine and chemokine gene expressions

Correlation of the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in chronic periapical lesions with the expression of bacterial chaperonin 60

“…Instead we have found higher expression of IL-10 in healthy tissue in comparison with the tissue of periapical lesions. Recently, an increased expression of IL-10 7 days after the reduction of the intracanal microbial load has been observed 14 . Thus it could be possible that lower expression of IL-10 in the tissue of periapical lesions and absence of correlation with the expression of Cpn60 is associated with clinical characteristics of these lesions.…”

“…It is produced by macrophages, fibroblasts, monocytes, T and B lymphocytes and the large amounts of this cytokine is released under the influence of bacterial products 13 . By contrast, IL-10 belongs to the group of anti-inflammatory cytokines and has a suppressive effect on the development of periapical lesions and on the bone destruction 14 . In periapical lesions, the main source of IL-10 are B and T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages 15 .…”

“…In periapical lesions, the main source of IL-10 are B and T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages 15 . During the acute inflammatory response, IL-10 in combination with TGF-β, suppresses the immune response and promotes tissue repair 14,15 .…”

Outcome measures to assess the effectiveness of endodontic treatment for pulpitis and apical periodontitis for use in the development of European Society of Endodontology (ESE) S3 level clinical practice guidelines: a protocol

“…2007), bacterial reduction assessed by molecular methods (Rôças & Siqueira 2011) or biomarker expression (Maia et al . 2020), however, such markers may or may not convincingly relate to resolution or exacerbation of the patient’s disease. Validated surrogate end‐points, which have been shown convincingly to relate the patients’ disease, such as reduction of an apical radiolucency on radiograph, are considered more relevant (Schuster Bruce et al .…”

“…In clinical medicine, there are broadly two types of clinical end-points, patient or clinician-reported (see 'descriptions of outcome related terms') with the US Food Drug Administration (FDA) (https://www.fda. (Maia et al 2020), however, such markers may or may not convincingly relate to resolution or exacerbation of the patient's disease. Validated surrogate end-points, which have been shown convincingly to relate the patients' disease, such as reduction of an apical radiolucency on radiograph, are considered more relevant (Schuster Bruce et al 2019).…”