“…Acute systemic administration of LPS has been found to affect spermatogenesis in a number of species, resulting in apoptosis and progressive loss of spermatogenesis in the testis within days of administration, and reduced sperm concentration, motility, and viability for extended periods afterward. 322,499,688,693,694,696,733 In the adult rat, administration of a single dose of LPS across a very broad range of sublethal concentrations inhibited the formation of testicular interstitial fluid and suppressed intratesticular and circulating levels of testosterone, by inhibiting LH secretion from the anterior pituitary and reducing the capacity of the Leydig cells to produce testosterone in response to stimulation. 24,322,393,696 At the highest doses of LPS, this was followed by apoptosis of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, and premature release of spermatocytes and early round spermatids from the epithelium several days later.…”