Clinical Course of Severe Poisoning with Thiomersal

Pfab, Rudolf; Mückter, Harald; Roider, Gabriele; Zilker, Thomas

doi:10.3109/15563659609013818

Cited by 54 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A patient who ingested 83 mg/kg thimerosal (41 mg Hg/kg) in a suicide attempt had 14,000 mg/l blood mercury and developed anuria, coma, polyneuropathy, and respiratory failure. He had a complete recovery with no permanent brain damage (Pfab et al 1996). A MeHg-exposed worker had 1840 mg Hg/l in blood and presented with similarly severe intoxication, but remained ataxic, dysarthric and with constricted visual fields (Magos 1998).…”

Section: Additional Considerations On Comparisons Between Ethyl-and Mehgmentioning

confidence: 98%

Are Neuropathological Conditions Relevant to Ethylmercury Exposure?

Aschner

Ceccatelli

2009

Neurotox Res

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Mercury and mercurial compounds are among the environmentally ubiquitous substances most toxic to both wildlife and humans. Once released into the environment from both natural and anthropogenic sources, mercury exists mainly as three different molecular species: elemental, inorganic, and organic. Potential health risks have been reported from exposure to all forms; however, of particular concern for human exposure relate to the potent neurotoxic effects of methylmercury (MeHg), especially for the developing nervous system. The general population is primarily exposed to MeHg by seafood consumption. In addition, some pharmaceuticals, including vaccines, have been, and some continue to be, a ubiquitous source of exposure to mercurials. A significant controversy has been whether the vaccine preservative ethylmercury thiosalicylate, commonly known as thimerosal, could cause the development of autism. In this review, we have discussed the hypothesis that exposure to thimerosal during childhood may be a primary cause of autism. The conclusion is that there are no reliable data indicating that administration of vaccines containing thimerosal is a primary cause of autism. However, one cannot rule out the possibility that the individual gene profile and/or gene-environment interactions may play a role in modulating the response to acquired risk by modifying the individual susceptibility.

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Section: Additional Considerations On Comparisons Between Ethyl-and Mehgmentioning

confidence: 98%

Are Neuropathological Conditions Relevant to Ethylmercury Exposure?

Aschner

Ceccatelli

2009

Neurotox Res

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“…31 Very high exposures to thimerosalcontaining products-as components of intramuscular injections, used for painting omphaloceles, as a preservative in ␥-globulin administered at highdoses or for a long period of time, or as intentionally ingested-have resulted in toxicity, including acrodynia, chronic mercury toxicity, renal failure, and neuropathy. [32][33][34][35][36] In an assay of chronic effects in rats, ethylmercury exposure resulted in renal and neurotoxicity in mature rats similar to exposure to methylmercury. 37 Follow-up studies in infants on the neurodevelopmental toxicity of ethylmercury in vaccines were done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) using data from the Vaccine Safety Datalink project.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Report: Mercury in the Environment: Implications for Pediatricians

Goldman¹,

Shannon²

2001

Pediatrics

221

119

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ABSTRACT. Mercury is a ubiquitous environmental toxin that causes a wide range of adverse health effects in humans. Three forms of mercury (elemental, inorganic, and organic) exist, and each has its own profile of toxicity. Exposure to mercury typically occurs by inhalation or ingestion. Readily absorbed after its inhalation, mercury can be an indoor air pollutant, for example, after spills of elemental mercury in the home; however, industry emissions with resulting ambient air pollution remain the most important source of inhaled mercury. Because fresh-water and ocean fish may contain large amounts of mercury, children and pregnant women can have significant exposure if they consume excessive amounts of fish. The developing fetus and young children are thought to be disproportionately affected by mercury exposure, because many aspects of development, particularly brain maturation, can be disturbed by the presence of mercury. Minimizing mercury exposure is, therefore, essential to optimal child health. This review provides pediatricians with current information on mercury, including environmental sources, toxicity, and treatment and prevention of mercury exposure.

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“…A similar observation was made on a patient who had 14 µg ml −1 blood mercury concentration after the ingestion of 41 mg kg −1 mercury as thimerosal. (Pfab et al, 1996). (Pichichero et al, 2002) and allometrically extrapolated concentrations after vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 months of age.…”

Section: Extrapolation Of Adult Clearance Half-time To Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxic character of thimerosal and the allometric extrapolation of adult clearance half‐time to infants

Magós¹

2003

J of Applied Toxicology

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The decomposition rate of organomercurials and the potency of the blood-brain barrier increase with the size of the organic radical. Thus methylmercury damages the brain more than thimerosal does, and when intake limits set for methylmercury are applied to thimerosal the safety margin is increased even if the clearances were the same. However, the clearance half-time of ethylmercury in adults is about one-third of the 50 days' clearance half-time of methylmercury given for 60 kg body weight. Moreover, because metabolic rates (e.g. basal metabolism, daily loss of mercury in per cent of body burden) in different weight groups are related to the fractional power of body weight (rule of allometry), mercury clears from the infant body faster than from the adult body. Blood mercury concentrations observed after vaccination showed agreement with allometrically extrapolated concentrations.

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Clinical Course of Severe Poisoning with Thiomersal

Cited by 54 publications

References 14 publications

Are Neuropathological Conditions Relevant to Ethylmercury Exposure?

Are Neuropathological Conditions Relevant to Ethylmercury Exposure?

Technical Report: Mercury in the Environment: Implications for Pediatricians

Neurotoxic character of thimerosal and the allometric extrapolation of adult clearance half‐time to infants

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