Clinical characteristics of nosocomial norovirus outbreaks in Hong Kong

Tsang, Owen Tak‐Yin; Wong, Albert; Chow, Camille; Yung, R; Lim, Wilina; Liu, S.H.

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2008.03.015

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…When the surveillance was over, the information would be summarized and recorded in the PHIS system, including details on first date of outbreak onset, last date of outbreak, number of persons infected, maximum, minimum and mean age of infected persons and the laboratory test result of each episode. The protocol of the laboratory test has been described elsewhere [5,29]. Briefly, stool specimen, food remnant, or food samples were collected during the surveillance, and tested by RT-PCR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in Hong Kong elderly homes: a retrospective cohort study

Lin

Chan

et al. 2011

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundMost of the institutional outbreaks of norovirus in Hong Kong occur in elderly homes, the proportion being 69% in 2006. Residents in elderly homes are a special population seriously affected by norovirus infections, it is necessary to investigate the risk factors of the norovirus outbreaks in Hong Kong elderly homes at the facility level.MethodsA cohort of 748 elderly homes was followed up from January 2005 to December 2007; each elderly home was treated as one observation unit and the outcome event was the norovirus outbreak. Cox regression models were fitted to estimate the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the potential risk factors.ResultsA total of 276 norovirus outbreaks were confirmed during the study period; the outbreak rate was 12.2 (95% CI: 9.9-14.6) per 100 home-years; elderly homes with a larger capacity (RR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3-1.5 (per 30-resident increment)), a higher staff-to-resident ratio (RR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.3 (per 1/30 increment) and better wheelchair accessibility (RR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.2) were found to have an elevated norovirus outbreak rate in Hong Kong elderly homes; Elderly homes with partitions between beds had a lower rate of norovirus outbreaks (RR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.8).ConclusionsElderly home capacity, staff-to-resident ratio and wheelchair accessibility were risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in Hong Kong elderly homes. Partitions between beds were a protective factor of norovirus outbreaks. These results should be considered in the infection control in Hong Kong elderly homes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in Hong Kong elderly homes: a retrospective cohort study

Lin

Chan

et al. 2011

BMC Public Health

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“…In recent years, norovirus (NoV), recognized as the most important foodborne virus, is the most frequent cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide (Lai et al, 2013;Partridge, Evans, Raza, Kudesia, & Parsons, 2012;Shin & Sobsey, 2008;Tsang et al, 2008). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the USA, more than an estimated 5.5 million cases of NoV infection occur annually, representing approximately 55% of all viral outbreaks in 2010 (Scallan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of structurally intact norovirus from food-contact surfaces

Kim²,

Choi

et al. 2015

Food Control

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“…Norovirus (NoV), currently recognized as the most important foodbome virus, has been a common cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide (6,18,22,23,28,32,33). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 5.5 million cases of NoV infections occur annually, representing approximately 55% of all bacterial outbreaks in the United States in 2010 (26).…”

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confidence: 99%

Chlorine Treatment To Inactivate Norovirus on Food Contact Surfaces

Kim

Baek

et al. 2012

Journal of Food Protection

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This study was conducted to determine the concentration and optimal treatment time of chlorine for reducing feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus (MNV) as surrogates of norovirus (NoV) on stainless steel surfaces and to develop a predictive inactivation method using a response surface methodology. The reduction levels of FCV VR-782 and MNV on stainless steel surfaces after treatment with various concentrations of chlorine (0 to 5,000 ppm) for various times (0 to 5 min) were measured. The reduction values of both FCV and MNV on stainless steel surfaces after 5,000 ppm of chlorine treatment for 5 min were 5.20 TCID(50) per coupon. The predictive results obtained by central composite design were analyzed by standard analysis of variance. The application of multiple regression analysis was related to the following polynomial equations: (i) FCV (log TCID(50) per coupon) = -0.3714 + 0.8362x(1) + 0.0011x(2) + 0.0001x(1)x(2) - 0.1143x(2)(1) -0.0001x(2)(2) (x(1), time; x(2), concentration) and (ii) MNV (log TCID(50) per coupon) = + 0.0471 + 0.0807x(1) + 0.0011x(2) + 0.0001x(1)x(2) -0.0910x(2)(1) -0.0001x(2)(2) (x(1), time; x(2), concentration). It was concluded that these polynomial equation models of reduction of FCV and MNV could be used to determine the minimum concentration of chlorine and exposure times to control human NoV on food contact surfaces.

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Clinical characteristics of nosocomial norovirus outbreaks in Hong Kong

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Institutional risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in Hong Kong elderly homes: a retrospective cohort study

Institutional risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in Hong Kong elderly homes: a retrospective cohort study

Recovery of structurally intact norovirus from food-contact surfaces

Chlorine Treatment To Inactivate Norovirus on Food Contact Surfaces

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